Shared paternal ancestry of Han, <scp>Tai‐Kadai</scp>‐speaking, and Austronesian‐speaking populations as revealed by the high resolution phylogeny of <scp>O1a‐M119</scp> and distribution of its sub‐lineages within China

Sun, Jin; Li, Yingxiang; Ma, Pengcheng; Shi, Yan; Cheng, Huihui; Fan, Zhi‐Quan; Deng, Xiao‐Hua; Ru, Kai; Wang, Chuan‐Chao; Chen, Gang; Wei, Lan‐Hai

doi:10.1002/ajpa.24240

Cited by 26 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…S4 and table S5 , Supplementary Material online). We note the limitation that all molecular dates have some level of uncertainty ( supplementary tables S3–S5 , Supplementary Material online), and not all known O1-M119 diversity is included here ( Sun et al 2021 ). Nevertheless, the striking radiations observed are characteristic of a diverse population of Mainland Asian origin moving into ISEA and expanding rapidly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages

Karmin

Flores

Hudjashov

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Island Southeast Asia and Oceania host one of the world’s richest assemblages of human phenotypic, linguistic and cultural diversity. Despite this, the region’s male genetic lineages are globally among the last to remain unresolved. We compiled ∼9.7 Mb of Y chromosome sequence from a diverse sample of over 380 men from this region, including 152 first reported here. The granularity of this dataset allows us to fully resolve and date the regional Y chromosome phylogeny. This new high-resolution tree confirms two main population bursts: multiple rapid diversifications following the region’s initial settlement ∼50 kya, and extensive expansions <6 kya. Notably, ∼40-25 kya the deep rooting local lineages of C-M130, M-P256, and S-B254 show almost no further branching events in Island Southeast Asia, New Guinea and Australia, matching a similar pause in diversification seen in maternal mitochondrial DNA lineages. The main local lineages start diversifying ∼25 kya, at the time of the Last Glacial Maximum. This improved Y chromosome topology highlights localized events with important historical implications, including pre-Holocene contact between Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, potential interactions between Australia and the Papuan world, and a sustained period of diversification following the flooding of the ancient Sunda and Sahul continents as the insular landscape observed today formed. The high-resolution phylogeny of the Y chromosome presented here thus enables a detailed exploration of past isolation, interaction and change in one of the world’s least understood regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages

Karmin

Flores

Hudjashov

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…The overwhelming southward population dispersal from the central plain around the Yellow River Basin ( YRB ) of North-East Asia in the past two thousand years resulted in the formation of Han populations in southern China (Guang-Lin He et al, 2021; G. He et al, 2020; J. Sun et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, it is also generally accepted that this process was accompanied by a large scale of integration with the southern aborigines (Guang-Lin He et al, 2021; G. He et al, 2020; J. Sun et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these people have very special cultural traditions so that scholars speculate that they may be descendants of remote sub-branches of the ancestor of Han populations or have a high proportion of genetic elements from the southern indigenous people (S. Liu et al, 2018; J. Sun et al, 2021; Wen et al, 2004), such minority groups including Chuanqing, Gejia, Dongjia, Xijia, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The genomic formation of Tanka people, an isolated 'Gypsies in water' in the coastal region of Southeast China

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Objectives: Three different hypotheses proposed via the controversial evidence from cultural, anthropological and uniparental genetic analysis respectively stated that Tanka people probably originated from Han Chinese, ancient Baiyue tribe, or the admixture of them. Therefore, the genetic origin and admixture history of the Tanka people, an isolated 'Gypsies in water' in the coastal region of Southeast China, are needed to be genetically clarified. Materials and methods: To elucidate the genetic origin of the Southeast Tanka people and explore their genetic relationship with surrounding indigenous Tai-Kadai and Austronesian people and Neolithic-to-historic ancients from the Yellow River Basin (YRB) and Fujian, we conducted a large-scale population genomic study among 1498 modern and ancient Eurasians, in which 73 Tanka and 4 Han people were first reported here. Both allele-shared and haplotype-based statistical methods were used here, including PCA, ADMIXTURE, f-statistics, ALDER, qpGraph-/TreeMix and qpAdm/qpWave, ChromoPainter and FineSTRUCTURE. Results: We found a specific genetic cline in PCA plots and detected the Tanka-specific homogeneous ancestry in model-based ADMIXTURE results, suggesting differentiated demographic history between Tanka and surrounding Hans. Formal tests based on sharing allele patterns showed a close relationship between Tanka people and Han Chinese, but the Tanka population harbored more southern East Asian ancestry related to Austronesian and Tai-Kadai people compared with southern Hans. Besides, the reconstructed differentiated demographic history revealed that southern Xinshizhou Tanka harbored more ancestry related to the Tai-Kadai or coastal ancient Neolithic to Bronze Age East Asians compared with northern Shacheng Tanka. The qpGraph-/TreeMix-based phylogenetic framework, qpAdm/qpWave-based admixture modeling and FineSTRUCTURE-based dendrogram among ancient northern and southern East Asians further demonstrated that the primary ancestry of modern Tanka derived from ancient millet farmers in the YRB with additional admixture from multiple southern East Asian sources. Discussion: Sharing ancestry estimated from the f-statistics and sharing haplotypic landscape inferred from the ChromoPainter and FineSTRUCTURE showed that Southeast Tanka people not only had a close genetic relationship with both Northern Hans and YRB millet farmers but also possessed more southern East Asian ancestry related to Austronesian, Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien people. Our genomic data and fitted admixture models supported modern Tanka originated from ancient North China and obtained additional gene flow from ancient southern East Asians in the processes of southward migrations.

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“…Southern China was the originated center of many dominant uniparental lineages of southern Chinese indigenous populations and Southeast Asians ( Ke et al, 2001 ; Wen et al, 2004 ; He et al, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2021 ). Sun et al provided a higher-resolution phylogeny of O1a-M119 and found this founding lineage widely existed in modern Austronesian-, Tai–Kadai-speaking populations, and southern Han Chinese, suggesting that O1a-M119 lineage was the common lineage of these populations, and the diversified sub-lineages of O1a-M119 were their unique downstream paternal lineages ( Sun et al, 2021 ). Other population genetic studies of Southeast Asians also identified other paternal founding lineages, including O1b1a1a-M95 and O2-M122 ( Wen et al, 2004 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data

Chen

Ren

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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Guizhou Province harbors extensive ethnolinguistic and cultural diversity with Sino-Tibetan-, Hmong–Mien-, and Tai–Kadai-speaking populations. However, previous genetic analyses mainly focused on the genetic admixture history of the former two linguistic groups. The admixture history of Tai–Kadai-speaking populations in Guizhou needed to be characterized further. Thus, we genotyped genome-wide SNP data from 41 Tai–Kadai-speaking Maonan people and made a comprehensive population genetic analysis to explore their genetic origin and admixture history based on the pattern of the sharing alleles and haplotypes. We found a genetic affinity among geographically different Tai–Kadai-speaking populations, especially for Guizhou Maonan people and reference Maonan from Guangxi. Furthermore, formal tests based on the f3/f4-statistics further identified an adjacent connection between Maonan and geographically adjacent Hmong–Mien and Sino-Tibetan people, which was consistent with their historically documented shared material culture (Zhang et al., iScience, 2020, 23, 101032). Fitted qpAdm-based two-way admixture models with ancestral sources from northern and southern East Asians demonstrated that Maonan people were an admixed population with primary ancestry related to Guangxi historical people and a minor proportion of ancestry from Northeast Asians, consistent with their linguistically supported southern China origin. Here, we presented the landscape of genetic structure and diversity of Maonan people and a simple demographic model for their evolutionary process. Further whole-genome-sequence–based projects can be presented with more detailed information about the population history and adaptative history of the Guizhou Maonan people.

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Shared paternal ancestry of Han, Tai‐Kadai‐speaking, and Austronesian‐speaking populations as revealed by the high resolution phylogeny of O1a‐M119 and distribution of its sub‐lineages within China

Cited by 26 publications

References 74 publications

Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages

Episodes of Diversification and Isolation in Island Southeast Asian and Near Oceanian Male Lineages

The genomic formation of Tanka people, an isolated 'Gypsies in water' in the coastal region of Southeast China

Fine-Scale Population Admixture Landscape of Tai–Kadai-Speaking Maonan in Southwest China Inferred From Genome-Wide SNP Data

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