Shared or Discordant Grief in Couples 2–6 Years After the Death of Their Premature Baby: Effects on Suffering and Posttraumatic Growth

Büchi, Stefan; Mörgeli, Hanspeter; Schnyder, Ulrich; Jenewein, Josef; Glaser, A.; Fauchère, Jean‐Claude; Bucher, Hans Ulrich; Sensky, Tom

doi:10.1176/appi.psy.50.2.123

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We identified 17 studies examining PTG in parents of children with pediatric disease 5,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] (see Table 1), 7 studies that demonstrated PTG or benefit finding in children with pediatric disease [42][43][44][45][46][47][48] (see Table 2), and 2 that included both parents and pediatric patients. 49,50 We summarize the findings from these studies in the nine components of our conceptual model of SPI-PTG: (1) the nature and subjective experience of the traumatic event, (2) trauma and the disruption of a personal worldview, (3) PTG as rebuilding or reshaping this worldview, (4) elements of SPI-PTG, (5) cognitive processing underlying SPI-PTG, (6) affective processing underlying SPI-PTG, (7) posttraumatic afterevents, (8) individual characteristics affecting SPI-PTG, and (9) social support affecting SPI-PTG (see Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the studies we analyzed in the pediatric population that used the PTGI, few could distinguish between the five domains (i.e., appreciation, interpersonal relationships, personal strength, new possibilities, and religious or spiritual growth); of those that did, each domain showed prominence in at least one article and none of the five domains was identified in every article. 5,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][37][38][39]42,46 The adult PTG model includes spiritual change as one of the five subscales in the PTGI, because traumatic experiences are often credited with deepening of religiousness and spirituality. 16, 66 There has not been, however, sufficient evidence to distinguish the degree to which an individual's 'baseline' spirituality contributes specifically to the spiritual change domain of PTG as opposed to PTG broadly 67 or to demonstrate whether the language used to describe one's personal beliefs or experiences of spirituality or religion tends to inherently inflate the measures of PTG.…”

Section: Elements Of Spi-ptgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patient's behavioral response itself can serve as a stressor for other family members and may result in family members exhibiting a greater degree of both PTSS and PTG. 80 The empirical evidence for the role of these relationships in pediatric disease is, however, limited; one study has shown that mutual coping and thinking can lead to more pronounced PTG among parents, 29 while another showed no correlation between parental PTG and the pediatric patient's degree of benefit finding. 50 …”

Section: Social Support Affecting Spi-ptgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic Growth in Parents and Pediatric Patients

Picoraro

Womer

Kazak

et al. 2014

Journal of Palliative Medicine

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Background: Pediatric medical experiences are potentially traumatic but may lead to psychological growth. Objective: The study objective was to synthesize the published literature regarding posttraumatic growth (PTG) in parents and patients with serious pediatric illness (SPI) into a conceptual model. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Sociological Abstracts in December 2012 to identify articles on stress or trauma caused by medical events with PTG as an outcome, reviewing articles pertaining to the pediatric population. We additionally reviewed articles outside pediatric medicine that described a model of PTG. Results: Of the 605 articles identified, 55 met inclusion criteria, 26 of which examined parents or pediatric patients. Parents and children may experience PTG following medical trauma through a combination of cognitive and affective processing of their subjective experience. Components of SPI-PTG are unclear, but may include greater appreciation of life, improved interpersonal relationships, greater personal strength, recognition of new possibilities in one's life course, spiritual or religious growth, and reconstruction of a positive body image. Individual characteristics, and the level of social support, may affect the likelihood that SPI-PTG will occur. SPI-PTG in siblings and other family members has not been well studied. Conclusions: SPI-PTG is an important but understudied and inadequately understood phenomenon affecting children with SPI and their family members. Research should focus on clarifying SPI-PTG domains, creating measurement instruments, assessing SPI-PTG across the pediatric age range and among family members, and improving our understanding of and ability to positively intervene regarding the cognitive processes of rumination, sense making, and benefit finding.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Elements Of Spi-ptgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Social Support Affecting Spi-ptgmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic Growth in Parents and Pediatric Patients

Picoraro

Womer

Kazak

et al. 2014

Journal of Palliative Medicine

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“…The findings are partly in line with the results of other studies. For example, in the study by Büchi et al (2009) sociodemographic variables were not related to PTG and no effects of time since loss of a child were found. However, research conducted by Engelkemeyer and Marwitt (2008) and Polatynski and Esprey (2000) revealed that a longer time since the child's death was positively related to the bereaved parent's PTG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Many studies have indicated the occurrence of positive changes among parents who have lost a child (Black & Wright, 2012;Büchi et al, 2007Büchi et al, , 2009Engelkemeyer & Marwitt, 2008;Lichtental, Currier, Neimeyer, & Keesee 2010;Martincekova & Klatt, 2016;Pan, Liu, Li, & Kwok, 2016;Polatinsky & Esprey, 2000;Thomadaki, 2012;Znoj, 2006). Calhoun, Tedeschi, Cann, and Hanks (2010b) stress that unexpected death, such as the death of a child, is less consistent with most assumptive world views than natural death, and as a result may lead to greater growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic positive changes among parents who have experienced the loss of a child – the role of social support

Ogińska-Bulik¹

2017

Health Psychology Report

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BackgroundIn addition to a number of negative consequences, the trauma associated with the loss of a child may also entail the development of positive changes in psychosocial functioning, manifested as posttraumatic growth. An important factor that promotes posttraumatic growth is social support. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between social support and the occurrence of positive posttraumatic changes resulting from trauma associated with the loss of a child.Participants and procedureThe study analysed a group of 76 persons who reported that the loss of a child (including perinatal and postnatal) was a traumatic event. The majority of respondents were women (55.30%). The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 62 years (M = 35.88, SD = 9.52). The following Polish versions of standardized tools were used: the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Significant Others Scale to measure social support, and the visual analogue scale to assess the intensity of the trauma.ResultsThe subjects revealed positive changes in all spheres of posttraumatic growth following the loss of a child, greater in the group of people who lost their child after birth. A positive relationship was found between almost all types of analysed social support (except for desired emotional support) and posttraumatic growth. The regression analysis revealed that received practical support fulfils the primary predictive role for posttraumatic growth.ConclusionsThe use of the assistance of others by persons who have experienced trauma may contribute to the occurrence of growth after trauma.

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Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death

Koopmans

Wilson

Cacciatore

et al. 2013

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

127

123

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Background Provision of an empathetic, sensitive, caring environment and strategies to support mothers, fathers and their families experiencing perinatal death are now an accepted part of maternity services in many countries. Interventions such as psychological support or counselling, or both, have been suggested to improve outcomes for parents and families a er perinatal death. Objectives To assess the e ect of any form of intervention (i.e. medical, nursing, midwifery, social work, psychology, counselling or community-based) on parents and families who experience perinatal death. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (28 January 2013) and article bibliographies. Selection criteria Randomised trials of any form of support aimed at encouraging acceptance of loss, bereavement counselling, or specialised psychotherapy or counselling for mothers, fathers and families experiencing perinatal death. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently assessed eligibility of trials. Main results No trials were included. Authors' conclusions Primary healthcare interventions and a strong family and social support network are invaluable to parents and families around the time a baby dies. However, due to the lack of high-quality randomised trials conducted in this area, the true benefits of currently existing interventions aimed at providing support for mothers, fathers and families experiencing perinatal death is unclear. Further, the currently available evidence around the potential detrimental e ects of some interventions (e.g. seeing and holding a deceased baby) remains inconclusive at this point in time. However, some well-designed descriptive studies have shown that, under the right circumstances and guided by compassionate, sensitive, experienced sta , parents' experiences of seeing and holding their deceased baby is o en very positive. The sensitive nature of this topic and small sample sizes, make it di icult to develop rigorous clinical trials. Hence, other research Support for mothers, fathers and families a er perinatal death (Review)

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Shared or Discordant Grief in Couples 2–6 Years After the Death of Their Premature Baby: Effects on Suffering and Posttraumatic Growth

Cited by 45 publications

References 30 publications

Posttraumatic Growth in Parents and Pediatric Patients

Posttraumatic Growth in Parents and Pediatric Patients

Posttraumatic positive changes among parents who have experienced the loss of a child – the role of social support

Support for mothers, fathers and families after perinatal death

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