Shared executive dysfunctions in unaffected relatives of patients with autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Delorme, Richard; Goussé, Véronique; Roy, Isabelle; Trandafir, Anca; Mathieu, Flavie; Mouren-Siméoni, Marie-Christine; Betancur, Catalina; Leboyer, Marion

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.05.002

Cited by 113 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Similarly, Hughes et al (1999) reported that a greater number of autism siblings performed poorly (compared to a clinical and non-clinical control group) on three executive function tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (Robbins et al 1994), including the IntraDimensional/Extra-Dimensional Set Shifting Task (measuring attentional flexibility) and the Tower of London (measuring planning ability; Shallice 1982). Likewise, studies by Delorme et al (2007) and Nydén et al (2011) found impairments in planning ability, based on poorer performance on the Tower of London by the unaffected siblings and parents of children with autism compared to a control group from the general population. However, poorer performance on the Tower of London (relative to healthy controls) was also found in the relatives of children diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, so impaired planning ability may not relate specifically to the relatives of autistic probands (Delorme et al 2007).…”

Section: Executive Function and Visuospatial Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

Autistic Traits Below the Clinical Threshold: Re-examining the Broader Autism Phenotype in the 21st Century

2011

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Diagnosis, intervention and support for people with autism can be assisted by research into the aetiology of the condition. Twin and family studies indicate that autism spectrum conditions are highly heritable; genetic relatives of people with autism often show milder expression of traits characteristic for autism, referred to as the Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). In the past decade, advances in the biological and behavioural sciences have facilitated a more thorough examination of the BAP from multiple levels of analysis. Here, the candidate phenotypic traits delineating the BAP are summarised, including key findings from neuroimaging studies examining the neural substrates of the BAP. We conclude by reviewing the value of further research into the BAP, with an emphasis on deriving heritable endophenotypes which will reliably index autism susceptibility and offer neurodevelopmental mechanisms that bridge the gap between genes and a clinical autism diagnosis.

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Section: Executive Function and Visuospatial Memorymentioning

confidence: 93%

Autistic Traits Below the Clinical Threshold: Re-examining the Broader Autism Phenotype in the 21st Century

2011

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“…54 Deficits in cognitive flexibility and response inhibition have also been linked to alterations in orbitofrontal-striatal circuitry in pediatric OCD. 44 Previous studies of unaffected first-degree relatives of adult patients with OCD have reported cognitive deficits in various domains, such as planning, 55 response inhibition, set-shifting, 30 and decision-making. 31 While it is reassuring that our findings in early-onset OCD were similar to those obtained in earlier studies, comparisons between these findings should be made with caution, since earlier studies involved mixed samples of patients with earlyand late-onset OCD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological dysfunction in adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for a cognitive endophenotype

Zhang¹,

Yang²,

Yang

2015

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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Objective: Evidence suggests that early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an etiologically distinct subtype of OCD. The objective of the present work was to search for neurocognitive endophenotypes of early-onset OCD based on assessments of attention, memory, and executive function in patients with the disorder and their unaffected siblings. Methods: We compared the performance of 40 adult patients with early-onset OCD, 40 of their unaffected siblings, and 40 unrelated healthy controls on a neuropsychological battery designed for this study. We searched for associations among test performance, demographic variables (age, sex and years of education) and clinical symptoms of early-onset OCD.Results: Patients performed significantly worse than healthy controls on the Tower of Hanoi, and the Stroop and Wisconsin tests, indicating impairments in planning, mental flexibility and inhibitory control. The performance of the unaffected first-degree siblings of patients with early-onset OCD on the Stroop and Wisconsin tests also differed from that of healthy controls. Symptom severity in earlyonset OCD was strongly correlated with performance on the Tower of Hanoi. Conclusions: Our findings support the existence of specific executive function deficits in patients with early-onset OCD. Relatives presented an intermediate phenotype between patients and controls, suggesting that executive functions such as mental flexibility and response inhibition may be considered candidate endophenotypes of early-onset OCD.

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“…Toplam tekrarlayıcı davranış skorları yüksek olan otizmli çocukların ebeveynlerinde, toplam tekrarlayıcı davranış skoru düşük olan otizmli çocukların ebeveynlerine göre obsesif kompulsif davranışların daha fazla yoğunlaştığı gözlenmiştir (24). Ayrıca bir endofenotip olarak yürütücü işlevlerin ele alındığı bir çalışmada; otizmli ve OKB'li kişilerin birinci derece akrabalarında planlama ve uzaysal çalışma belleğinde ortak bozukluklar saptanmıştır (25). Tüm bu bulgular YGB ve OKB hastalık grupları arasında bazı ortak etyolojik faktörlerin olabileceğini akıllara getirmiştir.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

2D:4D Orani ve Parmak Boylari Acisindan Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk, Yaygın Gelisimsel Bozukluk Tanisi Konulan Cocuklar ve Saglikli Kontrollerin Karsilastirilmasi

2016

GMJ

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Bu çalışmanın verilerinin bir bölümü 28-30 Kasım 2013 tarihleri arasında Konya'da yapılan "Konya Otizm Günleri"nde sözel bildiri olarak sunulmuştur. Parmağa oranının (2d:4d) otizmde daha çok "erkek benzeri" olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ortak özellikleri bulunan OKB ve otizm grubunun 2d:4d oranı ve parmak uzunlukları açısından karşılaştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 6-18 yaşları arasında olan OKB tanısı konulan 15, Yaygın gelişimsel bozukluk ( YGB ) tanısı konulan 12 ve herhangi bir psikiyatrik bozukluğu olmayan 54 erkek sağlıklı çocuk-ergen dahil edilmiştir. Hasta grubunda OKB ve YGB tanısı ayrıntılı klinik değerlendirme sonucunda DSM IV-TR tanı kriterlerine göre konulmuştur. Değerlendirme sonrasında dijital kompas yardımıyla çocuk ve ergenlerin el uzunluğu, el genişliği, parmak uzunlukları ölçülmüştür. Bulgular : Kontrol, OKB ve YGB grupları arasında sağ ve sol 2d:4d oranı yönünden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmamıştır. Buna karşın, YGB grubunda sağ el 2. ve 3.parmaklar ile, sol el 2,3,4. parmakların kontrol grubuna göre daha kısa olduğu saptanmıştır. Sol el uzunluğu YGB grubunda OKB grubuna göre daha kısa olarak saptanırken, sağ 2. ve sol 3. parmak uzunluğu YGB grubunda kontrol ve OKB grubuna göre daha kısa olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç : Bu çalışmada 2d:4d oranı açısından OKB, YGB ve sağlıklı kontroller arasında herhangi bir farklılık saptanmazken; YGB grubunda bazı parmak boylarının kontrol grubuna göre daha kısa olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgu YGB grubunda taranabilecek bir dismorfolojik bir bulgu olabilir ancak daha geniş örneklemlerle yapılacak ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. ABSTRACTObjective: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism share some common features, such as repetitive behaviors. Second finger to fourth finger ratio (2d: 4d) is thought to be associated with prenatal androgen exposure and differs between the sexes and 2d:4d ratio is reported to be more "masculine like features" in autism. The aim of this study is to compare OCD and autism that display common features in terms of 2d: 4d ratio and finger lengths. Methods: This study included 15 boys diagnosed with OCD, 12 boys diagnosed with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), and 54 healthy boys with no psychiatric disorders between the ages of 6 and 18 years. The diagnoses of OCD and PDD were reached after detailed clinical evaluations according to DSM IV-TR criteria. After the evaluation, the children's and adolescents' hand length, hand width, and finger lengths were measured with a digital compass. Results: In this study, we found no statistically significant difference between the control, OCD, and PDD groups regarding the right and left 2d: 4d ratio. Whereas in the PDD group, we found that the right hand second and third fingers and the left hand second, third, and fourth fingers were shorter than the fingers of those in the control group. We also found that left hand length was shorter in the PDD group than in the OCD group and the second finger of the right hand and third finger of l...

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Shared executive dysfunctions in unaffected relatives of patients with autism and obsessive-compulsive disorder

Cited by 113 publications

References 58 publications

Autistic Traits Below the Clinical Threshold: Re-examining the Broader Autism Phenotype in the 21st Century

Autistic Traits Below the Clinical Threshold: Re-examining the Broader Autism Phenotype in the 21st Century

Neuropsychological dysfunction in adults with early-onset obsessive-compulsive disorder: the search for a cognitive endophenotype

2D:4D Orani ve Parmak Boylari Acisindan Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk, Yaygın Gelisimsel Bozukluk Tanisi Konulan Cocuklar ve Saglikli Kontrollerin Karsilastirilmasi

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