Share of Genetic Factors in Growth and Development of Children Based on Longitudinal Studies

Chrzastek-Spruch, H

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0743-4_9

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The growth and development of children is regulated by a complex interaction between internal (biological) and external factors. Complex interaction of hormonal influences, tissue responsiveness and nutrition affect the growth and development of children, whereas metabolic and genetic signals modulate these responses [1]. Some authors reported that genetic factors, more than environmental, determine anthropometric features and these characteristics are highly heritable components, with heritability range from 40 -91% [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

2019

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Introduction. Anthropometric measurements are widely used in the assessment of growth, nutritional status and body composition in children. The objective of the study was to describe growth and body composition of children using simple anthropometric measures. Material and Methods. The investigation was performed in 13 primary schools in the territory of North Bačka during 2017 and at the beginning of 2018. A total of 593 schoolchildren aged 6.50-10.49 years (in decimals) were included in the study. The following parameters were measured: height, weight, upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold thickness. These measurements were used to calculate the body mass index, total upper arm area, upper-arm muscle area, upper-arm fat area, and the arm fat mass percentage for each individual. Results. The study results show that children's growth is almost linear over the first decade of life and the lean body mass increases at similar rates in boys and girls. However, girls show higher percentage of body fat and higher triceps skinfold thickness, while the body mass index is not significantly different. The secular trends in height are slowing down or have already ceased, but the weight generally continues increasing. Conclusion. Although sexual differences in anthropological measures are insignificant, the differences in body composition are evident before puberty.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

2019

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Longitudinal study on growth in height in Polish boys and girls

et al. 2002

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Physical growth and development of children, determined by endogenous factors (genetic and paragenetic) is modified by numerous exogenic ones. This affects differentiation of ways of growth in individual children. In order to estimate the individual growth patterns and changes in growth rate as well as differences in growth of boys and girls, one must observe the process of growth of the same children and over a period of many years (longitudinal study). Such longitudinal study is the only way to provide information about the variability of growth and growth velocity at each age. All children were born to parents living in the city of Lublin, Poland, and represented the entire socio-economic strata of the city. Full-term and healthy newborns were examined on the first day of life in obstetrical wards. Follow-up examinations were carried out in the Growth Clinic at regular intervals: monthly during the first year of life, 3-monthly from 1 to 7 years of age, 6-monthly or yearly thereafter until 18 years and, in boys, once more at the age of 21. Anthropometric measurements of 22 morphological traits were taken according to standardised techniques (Martin-Sailer, 1957;Wolanski, 1975).The original sample comprised 578 subjects. However, as in most longitudinal studies, the number of subjects decreased over the long examination period. So, we were left with 290 subjects after 1 year, with 180 after 7 years and with 129 after 18 years.The present study is limited to the analysis of body height in the group of 129 children (70 girls and 59 boys) for whom complete data were available over the whole growth period.Individual growth curves of height for age from 2 to 18 years of all examined children were obtained by fitting the Preece-Baines model 1 (Preece and Baines, 1978) to each child's growth data. The height velocity curves were obtained by calculating the first derivative of the

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Share of Genetic Factors in Growth and Development of Children Based on Longitudinal Studies

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

Sexual dimorphism in body composition of children in the North Backa region

Longitudinal study on growth in height in Polish boys and girls

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