Shaping the Bar

Howarth, Joan W.

doi:10.1515/9781503633698

2022

DOI: 10.1515/9781503633698

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Shaping the Bar

Joan W. Howarth¹

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“…I suspect 12 hours/day is not unusual. Confirmation of these statistics can be confirmed here: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/screen-time-stats 3 …”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Letter to the Editor: 20-20-20 Rule: Are These Numbers Justified?

Anshel¹

2023

Optom Vis Sci

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Regarding the published article, "20-20-20 Rule: Are These Numbers Justified," 1 I wish to respond.Please note that I was the creator of the "20-20-20 Rule" in the late 1990s, and it was a part of the "3-B" approach for computer vision syndrome. The 3-B's referred to Blink, Breathe, and Break, of which the 20-20-20 rule was noted as a way to remember to take breaks.I would refer you to a comprehensive article by Dr. Brian Chou, who documented the development of the "rule" (https://www. optometrytimes.com/view/deconstructing-20-20-20-rule-digitaleye-strain). 2 I originally recommended "microbreaks," "minibreaks," and "macrobreaks," but because patients can relate to "20/20" from eye doctors, I decided to make it easier for people to remember. These mnemonics were developed for media interviews I was doing regarding eyestrain and computer use. The interviewer always asked for something "practical" that the viewer could easily remember. There was a study on "computer use" that recommended that "shorter, more frequent breaks were more beneficial than waiting for longer periods" (this was not specific to eye strain). In addition, managers hate to tell their employees to "take longer breaks"!

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“…I suspect 12 hours/day is not unusual. Confirmation of these statistics can be confirmed here: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/screen-time-stats 3 …”

supporting

confidence: 66%

Letter to the Editor: 20-20-20 Rule: Are These Numbers Justified?

Anshel¹

2023

Optom Vis Sci

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GPT-4 passes the bar exam

Katz,

Bommarito,

Gao

et al. 2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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In this paper, we experimentally evaluate the zero-shot performance of GPT-4 against prior generations of GPT on the entire uniform bar examination (UBE), including not only the multiple-choice multistate bar examination (MBE), but also the open-ended multistate essay exam (MEE) and multistate performance test (MPT) components. On the MBE, GPT-4 significantly outperforms both human test-takers and prior models, demonstrating a 26% increase over ChatGPT and beating humans in five of seven subject areas. On the MEE and MPT, which have not previously been evaluated by scholars, GPT-4 scores an average of 4.2/6.0 when compared with much lower scores for ChatGPT. Graded across the UBE components, in the manner in which a human test-taker would be, GPT-4 scores approximately 297 points, significantly in excess of the passing threshold for all UBE jurisdictions. These findings document not just the rapid and remarkable advance of large language model performance generally, but also the potential for such models to support the delivery of legal services in society. This article is part of the theme issue ‘A complexity science approach to law and governance’.

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Public Policy and the Civil Access to Justice Crisis: Exploring Lawyers’ Perspectives on Regulatory Reform and Allied Legal Professionals

Mitchell-Mercer

2024

SSRN Journal

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scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.

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Shaping the Bar

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Letter to the Editor: 20-20-20 Rule: Are These Numbers Justified?

Letter to the Editor: 20-20-20 Rule: Are These Numbers Justified?

GPT-4 passes the bar exam

Public Policy and the Civil Access to Justice Crisis: Exploring Lawyers’ Perspectives on Regulatory Reform and Allied Legal Professionals

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