“…At the same time, we continue to be rightly impressed by demonstrations of its effectiveness, for example, in teaching speech to individuals who lack it (e.g., Isaacs, Thomas, & Goldiamond, 1960;Lovaas, Berberich, Perdoff, & Schaeffer, 1960), or, more recently, in helping individuals with brain damage recover lost limb function even after many years of nonuse (e.g., Taub et al, 1994). And in the futuristic field of artificial intelligence, a generic capacity for behavior to be shaped by its consequences is recognized as key to eventual success in the design of versatile robots (e.g., Saksida, Raymond, & Toutetzky, 1997;Savage, 1998Savage, , 2001. Thus B. F. Skinner's studies of response differentiation and his subsequent insight about shaping, each a genuinely original set of observations, deserve to be delineated among the most important findings, in terms of both theoretical and practical significance, in the history of behavioral science.…”