Shape tunable synthesis of Eu- and Sm-doped ZnO microstructures: a morphological evaluation

Abstract

Facile and low-cost aqueous chemical bath deposition route has been demonstrated to fabricate Eu-and Sm-doped ZnO microstructures. The effect of Eu and Sm ions on the morphology of the ZnO was investigated. The synthesized doped ZnO microstructures were systematically characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra. FESEM images depicted the formation of Eu-doped ZnO microsphere and Sm-doped ZnO microplates. XRD spectra showed single crystalline nature of the undoped ZnO microdisks, whereas Eu-and Sm-doped ZnO exhibited the polycrystalline nature. The presence of Eu and Sm ions in the ZnO matrix was confirmed by XPS. This means that all the Eu ions substituted Zn 2+ as Eu 2+ into the ZnO matrix, whereas most of Sm ions were being in the trivalent state. This was probably due to the segregation of Sm 2 O 3 species on the surface of ZnO microstructures.

Characterization of Ce3+ and Eu3+ doped and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for luminescence applications

“…In the highresolution XPS spectra of Zn 2p (figure 7(a)), two strong peaks at approximately 1021.1 and 1044.2 eV are attributed to the binding energies of Zn 2p 3/2 and Zn 2p 1/2 , respectively, affirming the presence of Zn in the Zn 2+ state. The energy difference between these two spectral lines, ∼23.1 eV, aligns well with the standard value of 22.97 eV [39].…”

Photocatalytic activity of co‐doped NPs based on ZnO as a new class of anti‐microbial agents: Synthesis, characterization, kinetics, isotherm, and in silico molecular docking simulation

“…Shift occurs at these peaks in Sm‐La CDZ NPs at 1021.41 and 1044.50 eV, La‐Sr CDZ NPs at 1020.93 eV, and 1045.11 eV in Sm‐Sr CDZ NP centered at 1022.19 and 1045.35 eV. The standard difference energy value of 22.97 eV was in good agreement, demonstrating the existence of Zn +2 in the form of oxide 65 . The attachment of OH − or aqueous species onto the surface of ZnO created two peaks in the O1s region.…”

“…Figure S1a illustrates that the survey spectrum of PZ consists of peaks classified as Zn 2p state, O 1s state, and C 1s state. XPS spectra explained in Figure S1b 65 The attachment of OH À or aqueous species onto the surface of ZnO created two peaks in the O1s region. The oxygen's higher binding energy is shown at 536.43, 531.08, 531.44, and 531.90 eV for PZ, Sm-La CDZ NPs, La-Sr CDZ NPs, and Sm-Sr CDZ NPs, respectively.…”

Effects of varying Sm3+ concentration on the structure, morphology and photoluminescence properties of the BaAl2O4 /CaAl2O4/Ca4Al6O13/Ca3Al2O6:x% Sm3+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.9) mixed phases using citrate sol-gel method

“…In most cases, rare earth ions (RE 3+ ) are introduced into the crystal structure of the host material. Among the RE 3+ ions, Sm 3+ have been studied due to its unique optical characteristics [ 22 ]. Shashikala et al.…”