Shape-memory polymer metamaterials based on triply periodic minimal surfaces

Roudbarian, Nima; Jebellat, Ehsan; Famouri, Seyedfarzad; Baniasadi, Mahdi; Hedayati, Reza; Baghani, Mostafa

doi:10.1016/j.euromechsol.2022.104676

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Examples include plates with nonuniform/gradient distribution of thermal expansion coefficient under heat stimulus, plates with nonuniform swelling factor distribution under adjustable environmental (humidity and/or chemical) conditions, and plates with nonuniform shape recovery coefficient under heat stimulus. [22][23][24] In fact, the mechanical actuation technique proposed in this study has the advantages of being inexpensive, easy to control, and mechanically durable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient Origami Metamaterials for Programming Out‐of‐Plane Curvatures

et al. 2023

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Designer materials, where rationally designed geometry at the small scale gives rise to unusual materials properties at the macro-scale, are often called metamaterials. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Origami structures are a traditional Japanese art, which have recently found their way into metamaterials research due to their powerful capability to transform flat 2D structures into complex 3D structures along their creases. [7] Particularly, Miuraori origami, also known as herringbone geometry (Figure 1a,b), has been proposed as an origami-based mechanical metamaterial. [8] This design was first invented to pack solar panels efficiently, but it is relevant to note that this pattern also occurs in natural structures such as leaves, embryonic intestines, [9] and vertebrate guts. [10] The mathematical richness and tunability of Miura-ori geometry allow using it in different scales from the nanometric level to architecture. [11] The suitability of Miura-ori for engineering applications lies in its four spectacular characteristics: being able to be folded rigidly, having only one degree of freedom, having negative Poisson's ratio, and being flat-foldable. [11] 3D exotic materials with negative Poisson's ratio (known as auxetics metamaterials) offer extreme mechanical properties such as high shear resistance, energy absorption, indentation resistance, and toughness. [12] When used in 2D setting, a structure with spatially incompatible auxetic properties can create various 3D shapes through out-of-plane buckling. [13] Given the richness of the Miura-ori origami, the question that arises here is whether or not it is possible to create basic wellknown Euclidean and non-Euclidean 3D curvatures using Miura-ori metamaterials upon application of an external stimulus such as mechanical load. There have been a few studies that have used origami tessellations to create preprogrammed (not necessarily 3D) curvatures. [8,11,14] In a recent study, [15] homogenization-type two-scale asymptotic method was suggested to reconstruct arbitrary smooth surfaces that can be fitted by a given periodic truss that satisfy a known set of partial differential equations. Two recent studies presented optimization-based method procedures to produce Miura-ori tessellations [11,16] programmed to create 3D geometries with some approximations. Despite attempts to create Miura-ori tessellations which would lead to desired curvatures with some approximations, no study has been carried out on how linearly varying gradient distributions of Miura-ori unit cells (see Figure 1c) can be used to create various well-known 3D curvatures. Linearly varying Miura-ori distributions (rather than nonuniform ones created by numerical models) have the advantages of being easy to understand and thus easy to implement for practical problems, for example as building blocks for complex actuators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gradient Origami Metamaterials for Programming Out‐of‐Plane Curvatures

et al. 2023

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“…First, a force recovery ratio (α) is defined to reflect the recovery ability of SMPs under semi-constrained loading conditions. Referencing the definition of force recovery ratio under constrained conditions [32], the force recovery ratio under semi-constrained conditions is defined as follows:…”

Section: Variables Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation on 4D printed intelligent assembly cushion with adjustable pre-tightening force

Li,

Huang

2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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In order to design an intelligent assembly cushion with an adjustable pre-tightening force, a reentrant honeycomb structure was printed by additive manufacturing to realize the active and intelligent assembly process of filling gaps. The thermo-mechanical deformation experiments of the reentrant honeycomb structure were conducted at different pre-compressions, constrained displacements, and recovery temperatures. The recovery force and the force recovery ratio under semi-constrained conditions are explored emphatically. The results show that pre-compression, constrained displacement, and recovery temperature affect the recovery force and force recovery ratio under semi-constrained conditions. The recovery force and force recovery ratio increase with pre-compression, decrease with constrained displacement, and increase with recovery temperature below the glass transition temperature. Based on these results, the adjustability of the recovery force of a reentrant honeycomb cushion can be controlled by changing the thermo-mechanical deformation processes. Finally, the reentrant honeycomb cushion is applied to the mimetic assembly environment for corresponding testing, achieving the design of an active and intelligent assembly cushion with an adjustable pre-tightening force.

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“…Transporting any payload into space is very expensive as compared to transportation costs on Earth. While there is a wide range of materials such as polymers [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ], metals [ 22 ], shape memory polymers [ 23 , 24 ], bio-inks [ 25 ], and elastomers [ 26 ] that can be used for 3D printing on Earth, only a very limited quantity of them can be reasonably transported into space. Transporting a large amount of building material to build one or multiple habitats on Mars seems unrealistic, especially considering the fact that the walls of such a habitat need to be thick and strong to protect humans from dangerous environmental conditions, such as meteoroids and space radiation, from which the Martian atmosphere offers negligible protection.…”

Section: Differences Between 3d Printing On the Earth And Marsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Habitats on Mars: Effects of Low Temperature and Pressure

Hedayati

Stulova

2023

Materials

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Due to payload weight limitations and human vulnerability to harsh space conditions, it is preferable that the potential landing location for humans has an already constructed habitat preferably made from in situ materials. Therefore, the prospect of utilizing a readily available Martian material, such as regolith, in an easily programmable manufacturing method, such as 3D printing, is very lucrative. The goal of this research is to explore a mixture containing Martian regolith for the purposes of 3D printing in unfavorable conditions. A binder consisting of water and sodium silicate is used. Martian conditions are less favorable for the curing of such a mixture because of low temperature and pressure on the surface of the planet. In order to evaluate mechanical properties of the mixture, molding and 3D printing were conducted at various curing conditions and the mechanical and physical characteristics were compared. Due to the combination of low reaction speed at low temperature (2 °C) and rapid water evaporation at low pressure (0.1–0.01 bar), curing of the specimens in Martian conditions yielded unsatisfactory results. The reaction medium (water) evaporated before the curing reaction could progress enough to form a proper geopolymer. The specimens cured at high temperatures (60 °C) showed satisfactory results, with flexural strength up to 9 MPa when cured at a temperature of 60 °C and pressure of 1 bar. The specimens manufactured by 3D printing showed ultimate flexural strength that was 20% lower than that of equivalent molded specimens. Exploring potential mixture modifications and performing improved tests using the basis laid in this research can lead to an effective and realistic way of utilizing Martian regolith for unmanned 3D-printing purposes with minimal investment.

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Shape-memory polymer metamaterials based on triply periodic minimal surfaces

Cited by 29 publications

References 77 publications

Gradient Origami Metamaterials for Programming Out‐of‐Plane Curvatures

Gradient Origami Metamaterials for Programming Out‐of‐Plane Curvatures

Experimental investigation on 4D printed intelligent assembly cushion with adjustable pre-tightening force

3D Printing of Habitats on Mars: Effects of Low Temperature and Pressure

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