Shape Memory Alloys Applied to Automotive Adaptive Aerodynamics

Abstract

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are gaining popularity in the fields of automotive and aerospace engineering due to their unique thermomechanical properties. This paper proposes a numerical implementation of a comprehensive constitutive model for simulating the thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloys, with temperature and strain as control variables to adjust the shape memory effect and super elasticity effect of the material. By implementing this model as a user subroutine in the FE code Abaqus/Standard, it becomes possible to account for variations in material properties in complex components made of shape memory alloys. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed model, a skid plate system design is presented. The system uses bistable actuators with shape memory alloy springs to trigger plate movement. The kinematics and dynamics of the system are simulated, and effective loads are generated by the shape memory alloy state change due to the real temperature distribution in the material, which depends on the springs’ geometrical parameters. Finally, the performance of the actuator in switching between different configurations and maintaining stability in a specific configuration is assessed. The study highlights the promising potential of shape memory alloys in engineering applications and demonstrates the ability to use them in complex systems with accurate simulations.

Shape Memory Alloy Actuators for Controlled Movement of an Automotive Spoiler

“…The spoiler employs a bistable actuator with a 5 mm end stroke and a 750 N actuating force. [3] The bistable actuator equipped with two SMA springs in phase opposition is implemented to drive the kinematic motion. The study aims to analyze the force necessary for initiating the kinematic motion.…”

“…In addition to reducing weight and enhancing fuel efficiency, these components are appealing due to their ability to adapt profiles and achieve optimal aerodynamic performance. [3] One of the most suitable technologies to meet this challenge are shape memory alloys (SMAs) belonging to the class of smart materials. These are special alloys that are able to change shape in response to a mechanical or thermal stimulus and "maintain" the same shape once the load is removed.…”

Fabrication of Smart Materials Using Laser Processing: Analysis and Prospects

“…Shape memory alloys can be integrated into consumer electronics, such as smartphones, to enable adaptable form factors or user interfaces [163]. Shape change materials can be employed in automotive applications, such as self-healing or adaptive panels [164,165]. That is, shape change manipulation using laser processing is a versatile technique for creating smart materials with shape memory properties.…”

Gradients of properties increase the morphing and stiffening performance of bioinspired synthetic fin rays

“…Engineering morphing materials can undergo radical shape change without complex mechanisms, offering attractive properties and functionalities for application in soft robotics [1], medical devices [2], automotive [3], aerospace [4], tissue engineering [5], and food manufacturing processes [6]. Examples of morphing materials include hydrogels [7], shape memory polymers/alloys [8], kirigami [9], hygromorphs [10], liquid crystal elastomers [11], smart piezoelectric composites [4], and mechanical metamaterials [12].…”