Shape evolution of compound droplet in combined presence of electric field and extensional flow

Dilute dispersion of compound particles: deformation dynamics and rheology

“…By subjecting the dilute dispersion of compound particles to a uniaxial extensional flow, we can calculate the extensional viscosity (or Trouton's viscosity) as the ratio of the normal stress difference to the imposed shear rate, Hence, the extensional viscosity of a dilute dispersion of compound particles can be obtained from (5.4) as The above expression (5.10) can be deduced from the work of Santra et al. (2020 b ) on compound drops by taking the appropriate limit.…”

“…The above expression (5.10) can be deduced from the work of Santra et al (2020b) on compound drops by taking the appropriate limit. The dependencies of the Trouton viscosity of a dilute dispersion of compound particles on the size ratio and viscosity ratio of individual compound particles are shown in figure 12.…”

“…2015; Mandal, Ghosh & Chakraborty 2016), confinement (Song, Xu & Yang 2010) and electric field (Soni, Thaokar & Juvekar 2018; Santra, Das & Chakraborty 2020 a ; Santra et al. 2020 b ) on compound drops have also been addressed and thus, the literature on compound drops is plentiful. However, the presence of three fluids and multiple deforming interfaces make the analysis of compound drops cumbersome.…”

“…Kim & Dabiri (2017) numerically investigated the time evolution of eccentric compound droplets subjected to a simple shear flow. The effects of inertia (Bazhlekov, Shopov & Zapryanov 1995), viscoelasticity (Zhou, Yue & Feng 2006), surfactant laden interfaces (Hamedi & Babadagli 2010;Xu et al 2013;Srinivasan & Shah 2014;Zhang et al 2015;Mandal, Ghosh & Chakraborty 2016), confinement (Song, Xu & Yang 2010) and electric field (Soni, Thaokar & Juvekar 2018;Santra, Das & Chakraborty 2020a;Santra et al 2020b) on compound drops have also been addressed and thus, the literature on compound drops is plentiful. However, the presence of three fluids and multiple deforming interfaces make the analysis of compound drops cumbersome.…”

“…Further modifications, for example, to analyse the effect of insoluble surfactants on the rheology of dilute emulsions, have been addressed numerically (Li & Pozrikidis 1997). Several works to incorporate such effects (Pal 1996a;Zhao & Macosko 2002;Vlahovska, Bławzdziewicz & Loewenberg 2009;Mandal, Das & Chakraborty 2017) and to relax the assumption of diluteness (Loewenberg & Hinch 1996;Loewenberg 1998;Jansen, Agterof & Mellema 2001;Golemanov et al 2008) to predict the rheology of concentrated emulsions are available in the literature but attempts to understand the rheological behaviour of dispersions of compound particles or compound droplets are scarce (Johnson & Sadhal 1985;Stone & Leal 1990;Pal 1996bPal , 2007Pal , 2011Mandal et al 2016;Das, Mandal & Chakraborty 2020;Santra et al 2020b).…”