Shape and color in apparent motion

Kolers, Paul Α.; Grünau, Michael von

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(76)90192-9

Cited by 237 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…On the basis of the results, we proposed that signals elicited by a second marker modify the working memory in which the pulse count is stored. This postdictive framework is consistent with previous findings in regard to vision, such as backward masking (Bachmann, 1994), the color-phi phenomenon (Kolers & von Grünau, 1976), and the flash-lag effect (Eagleman & Sejnowski, 2000). By analogy to these previous studies, we raised a question of whether and how repetitive stimuli presented after a test interval alter perception of the preceding time interval in a postdictive manner.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

Shortening of subjective tone intervals followed by repetitive tone stimuli

Ono

Kitazawa

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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supporting

confidence: 75%

Shortening of subjective tone intervals followed by repetitive tone stimuli

Ono

Kitazawa

2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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“…This was justified earlier on the grounds that the human visual system is quite insensitive to manipulations of element appearance in apparent-motion displays (e. g. , Baro & Levinson, 1988;Burt & Sperling, 1981;Dawson, 1989;Kolers, 1972;Kolers & Green, 1984;Kolers & Pomerantz, 1971;Kolers & von Grunau, 1976;Krumhansl, 1984;Navon, 1976; Ullman, 1979, Chap. 2).…”

Section: Image-matching Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, many psychophysical experiments have shown that the human visual system assigns motion correspondence matches primarily on the basis of element locations and not on the basis of element appearances. Whereas human observers are very sensitive to manipulations of element positions in apparent motion displays, they are much less sensitive to manipulations of figural properties such as shape, color, or spatial frequency (e. g. , Baro & Levinson, 1988;Burt & Sperling, 1981;Cavanagh, Arguin, & von Grunau, 1989;Dawson, 1990a;Kolers, 1972;Kolers & Green, 1984;Kolers & Pomerantz, 1971;Kolers & von Grunau, 1976;Krumhansl, 1984;Navon, 1976; Ullman, 1979, Chap. 2;Victor & Conte, 1990).…”

Section: Motion Correspondence Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The how and why of what went where in apparent motion: Modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem.

Dawson

1991

Psychological Review

167

117

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Abstract:A model that is capable of maintaining the identities of individuated elements as they move is described. It solves a particular problem of underdetermination, the motion correspondence problem, by simultaneously applying 3 constraints: the nearest neighbor principle, the relative velocity principle, and the element integrity principle. The model generates the same correspondence solutions as does the human visual system for a variety of displays, and many of its properties are consistent with what is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying human motion perception. The model can also be viewed as a proposal of how the identities of attentional tags are maintained by visual cognition, and thus it can be differentiated from a system that serves merely to detect movement. PDF Image: PDF Full Text Database: PsycARTICLESThe How Nevin-Meadows, Don Schopflocher, and Nancy Digdon at the University of Alberta. Comments from Dennis Proffitt and an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of the manuscript were also extremely useful. I would like to acknowledge Brian Harder, who died during the past year. He began work on this research with me and performed numerous simulation runs and prepared many of the figures.Correspondence may be addressed to: Michael R. W. Dawson, Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada. Electronic mail may be sent to mike@psych.ualberta.ca.Many researchers have described the goal of visual perception as the construction of useful representations about the world (e. g. , Horn, 1986;Marr, 1976Marr, , 1982Ullman, 1979). These representations are derived from the information projected from a three-dimensional visual world (the distal stimulus) onto an essentially twodimensional surface of light receptors in the eyes. The interpretation of the distal stimulus must be determined from the resulting pattern of retinal stimulation (the proximal stimulus).However, the information represented in the proximal stimulus cannot, by itself, completely determine the nature of the distal stimulus. This is because the proximal stimulus does not preserve the full dimensionality of the physical world. The mapping from three-dimensional patterns to two-dimensional patterns is a many-to-one mapping and is not uniquely invertible (see Gregory, 1970;Horn, 1986;Marr, 1982;Richards, 1988). Retinal stimulation geometrically underdetermines interpretations of the physical world. 1Underdetermination can also result because the information available from local measurements of the proximal stimulus is consistent with a large number of different global interpretations. Alone, the local measurements are not sufficient to determine which global interpretation is correct. One example of this is the aperture problem: local measurements of a contour's movement do not by themselves specify the contour's true velocity (e. g. , Hildreth, 1983;Marr & Ullman, 1981). Another example is the stereo correspondence problem: local measurements do not by themselves specify which proxim...

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“…These data support notions of conscious experience as an ongoing, often post-hoc reconstruction emerging from multiple cognitive systems [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . Our suggestions relating to assumed continuity of target appearance fit well with notions about object files current in the visual attention literature 22,23 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory perceptions of space and time preserve cross-saccadic perceptual continuity

Yarrow

Haggard²,

Heal

et al. 2001

Nature

247

230

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. average 72 and 139 ms respectively) to a numerical counter. The movement of the eyes was used to start the counter incrementing once every second, with the exception that the duration of the first number could be varied between 400 and 1600 ms. Subjects had to say whether the time they had seen the first digit was more or less than that for the subsequent digits (a constant 1 s). suggesting that the illusion of chronostasis is linked to the time taken to move the eyes. In fact, subjects appeared to extend the time that they thought they had seen the first target back in time to approximately 50 ms prior to the start of eye movement. Although subjects reported no awareness of the counter changing during their saccades, it is possible that they were able to use this digit shift as a cue to initiate time judgements. This would invalidate the matched times we calculated (measured from the moment the eyes actually reached the counter). However, a control experiment in which the counter was triggered either very early or very late during a large (55º) saccade showed no difference in the duration of chronostasis, despite modifying the period that the digit was actually on screen by 85 ms. Permanent repository link 3The tight coupling of the duration of chronostasis to the duration of the saccade suggests that the effect may be linked to the perceptual "gap" caused by saccadic suppression and retinal blur that occurs when we move the eyes 3,4 . However, it is possible that the illusion of chronostasis is not tightly coupled to movement of the eyes per se, but occurs because subjects also shift the locus of their visual attention at around the time their eyes move 5 . This attention shift may act as the reference point to which the target is predated. In order to test this, subjects were asked either to make the usual saccade to target or first to shift their attention to the target and then move their eyes. Figure 2a shows that the illusion of chronostasis persisted with a similar magnitude when subjects shifted their attention before moving their eyes. Control trials intermixed with the eye movement trials verified that subjects were successful in shifting the locus of their visual attention 6 . They fixated a central cross and had to saccade to a target appearing on the right or left of the screen. If they had been told to shift their attention to the correct side before the target appeared, their reaction time was faster than if they had been incorrectly cued (Fig 2b).Although chronostasis is linked to voluntary saccades, the coupling is not obligatory:there is at least one condition under which the illusion is not experienced. We designed a third experiment in which the positional stability of the target counter was systematically broken.Subjects made a saccade to target, but in some trials the computer displaced the target by up to 9 degrees during the time the eyes were moving. Under such condi...

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Shape and color in apparent motion

Cited by 237 publications

References 13 publications

Shortening of subjective tone intervals followed by repetitive tone stimuli

Shortening of subjective tone intervals followed by repetitive tone stimuli

The how and why of what went where in apparent motion: Modeling solutions to the motion correspondence problem.

Illusory perceptions of space and time preserve cross-saccadic perceptual continuity

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