“…During the socialist era, which for Shanghai started in 1949, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) treated the city with suspicion and considered it the major ground of ideological conflict between capitalism and socialism. Just like Leftist writers during the 1930s who had seen Shanghai as a “bastion of evil, of wanton debauchery and rampant imperialism marked by foreign extraterritoriality” (Lee, , p. 75), the CCP was wary of the corrupting influence of “the big dyeing vat.” An important move in the project of building a socialist Shanghai involved changing the symbolic connotations of landmark buildings and streets in the city. For example, on National Day, 1 October, in 1952 the grounds of Shanghai's Horse Race Club, a symbol of the city's colonial past, were converted into People's Park, People's Avenue, and People's Square.…”