Shame-induced dissociation: An experimental study of experiential avoidance.

Kouri, Nicole; D’Andrea, Wendy; Siegle, Greg J.

doi:10.1037/tra0001428

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Evidence for dissociative and social pathways in psychosis (Heriot-Maitland, Wykes, & Peters, 2021) and for the traumatic/dissociative properties of shame (Dorahy et al, 2017;Kouri, D'Andrea, Brown, & Siegle, 2023;Matos & Pinto-Gouveia, 2010) supports a theoretical framework in which shame, a 'threat to social self', could influence dissociative processes as a potential causal mechanism for psychosis symptoms. In line with social rank theory (Gilbert, 1992), shame is considered to be a negative social ranking experience that threatens human survival needs for acceptance and connection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Like trauma memories, shame experiences and memories may be highly threatening to an individual, particularly in relation to their social position (rank) and inclusion, triggering dissociative processes to avoid or regulate these overwhelming feelings. In an experimental study, Kouri et al (2023) found that shame-related memories generated dissociative state responses, and that the degree of people's dissociation was moderated by their level of experiential avoidance (conscious attempts to avoid the feeling of shame). This supports the idea that dissociative states may function as a strategy to protect against feelings of shame.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Social influences on the relationship between dissociation and psychotic-like experiences

Heriot-Maitland,

Wykes,

Peters

2024

Psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Shame is experienced as a threat to social self, and so activates threat-protective responses. There is evidence that shame has trauma-like characteristics, suggesting it can be understood within the same conceptual framework as trauma and dissociation. Evidence for causal links among trauma, dissociation, and psychosis thus warrant the investigation of how shame may influence causal mechanisms for psychosis symptoms. Methods This study tested the interaction between dissociation and shame, specifically external shame (feeling shamed by others), in predicting psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) six months later in a general population sample (N = 314). It also tested if social safeness moderates these effects. A longitudinal, online questionnaire design tested a moderation model (dissociation-shame) and a moderated moderation model (adding social safeness), using multiple regressions with bootstrap procedures. Results Although there was no direct effect of dissociation on PLEs six months later, there was a significant interaction effect with shame, controlling for PLEs at baseline. There were complex patterns in the directions of effects: For high-shame-scorers, higher dissociation predicted higher PLE scores, but for low-shame-scorers, higher dissociation predicted lower PLE scores. Social safeness was found to significantly moderate these interaction effects, which were unexpectedly more pronounced in the context of higher social safeness. Conclusions The results demonstrate evidence for an interaction between dissociation and shame on its impact on PLEs, which manifests particularly for those experiencing higher social safeness. This suggests a potential role of social mechanisms in both the etiology and treatment of psychosis, which warrants further testing in clinical populations.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 79%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social influences on the relationship between dissociation and psychotic-like experiences

Heriot-Maitland,

Wykes,

Peters

2024

Psychol. Med.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…An exciting new development in the literature – with real potential in guiding our future understanding of psychosis – is the research into the dissociative properties of shame (Dorahy et al, 2017; Kouri et al, 2023). If shame is indeed dissociative, as these studies suggest, then shame could be a prime candidate for future research into the pathways of causation/maintenance of psychosis (Heriot‐Maitland et al, 2021).…”

Section: Evidence That Supports the Processes Targeted In Cft For Psy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Position paper – CFT for psychosis

Heriot‐Maitland

2023

Psychol Psychother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeThis paper outlines the theoretical and empirical basis for compassion focused therapy (CFT) for psychosis, the gaps in the current knowledge and research, as well as some of the challenges for addressing gaps. It will guide the direction of future work and the steps needed to develop and advance this approach.MethodThis paper reviews evidence of how evolutionary models such as social rank theory and attachment theory have greatly contributed to our understanding of psychosis and provide a clear rationale and evidence base for the mechanisms of change in CFT for psychosis. It reviews the evidence for outcomes of compassion training more generally, and early feasibility evaluations of CFT for psychosis.ResultsThe process evidence shows that people with psychosis have highly active social rank and threat systems, and the benefits of switching into attachment and care systems, which can support emotion regulation and integrative mind states. The outcomes evidence shows that compassion training impacts not only psychological outcomes, but also physiological outcomes such as neural circuits, immune system, and the autonomic nervous system. Within the psychosis field, outcomes research is still in the early days, but there are good indications of feasibility and a clear path forward for the next steps.ConclusionsCFT for psychosis is an approach that integrates biopsychosocial processes, an integration that's evidenced across each aspect of the model, from theoretical foundations (evolution‐informed) to interventions (e.g., body/breath training and relational techniques), to evaluation. Future RCTs are required to understand the effects on biopsychosocial outcomes for people with psychosis.

show abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in postsecondary students exposed to childhood psychological abuse: Exploring the role of negative meta‐emotions

Watts,

Lazzareschi,

Warwick

et al. 2024

Jour of Counseling & Develop

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Childhood psychological abuse (CPA) has failed to obtain substantial focus in existing literature when compared to other types of child maltreatment (CM), though those exposed are more likely to experience lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and report more severe symptoms. Far less is known regarding mechanisms predicting the maintenance and development of PTSD among young adults with CPA histories. With these factors in mind, our study examined the relationship between type of CM, negative meta‐emotions (i.e., negative emotional appraisals about one's emotions; NMEs), and current PTSD symptomology among a sample of college students (N = 387). Findings from correlational and multiple regression analyses indicated that CPA was the most substantial predictor of NMEs in our sample. Further, among those exposed to CPA, NMEs explained 42.6% of the variance in present PTSD symptoms. Finally, we discuss implications for counseling practice and future research.

show abstract

Shame-induced dissociation: An experimental study of experiential avoidance.

Cited by 4 publications

References 43 publications

Social influences on the relationship between dissociation and psychotic-like experiences

Social influences on the relationship between dissociation and psychotic-like experiences

Position paper – CFT for psychosis

Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in postsecondary students exposed to childhood psychological abuse: Exploring the role of negative meta‐emotions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About