Shame, Ideal Self, and Narcissism

“…Nevertheless, the dimension that is experienced as most salient can vary in shame events, and some individuals may be more prone to experience one more than the other (Gilbert, 2003(Gilbert, , 2007Kim et al, 2011). (Cook, 1991; Fisher, 1987;Wells, Bruss, & Katrin, 1998), insecure attachment (Cook, 1991;Wells & Hansen, 2003), eating disorders (Murray & Waller, 2002), identity integration (Wells & Hansen, 2003), narcisic personality Grosch, 1994;Morrison, 1983Morrison, , 1999, trauma and sexual abuse 9 (Feinauer, Hilton, & Callahan, 2003;Murray & Waller, 2002;Wells et al, 1998;Wong & Cook, 1992) and hostility and anger (Balcom, 1991;Grosch, 1994).The theoretical and empirical acknowledgement of the relevance of shame has encouraged methodological advances in its assessment (Andrews, 1998;Harder, 1995;Harder, Cutler & Rockart, 1992;Tangney, 1995Tangney, , 1996. Therefore, the evolution and refinement of the concept of shame has occurred in conjunction with the development of several psychometric instruments to measure this emotion.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A growing body of research has focused on the relationship between internal shame and various emotional and interpersonal problems, such as depression Ashby et al, 2006;Mahalingam & Jackson, 2007;Matos & Pinto-Gouveia, 2009;PintoGouveia, Castilho, Matos & Xavier, 2011;Wong & Cook, 1992), anxiety (Pinto-Gouveia & Matos, 2010), paranoia and social anxiety , abandonment and rejection (Claesson & Sohlberg, 2002), substance abuse (Cook, 1991;Fisher, 1987;Wells, Bruss, & Katrin, 1998), insecure attachment (Cook, 1991;Wells & Hansen, 2003), eating disorders (Murray & Waller, 2002), identity integration (Wells & Hansen, 2003), narcisic personality Grosch, 1994;Morrison, 1983Morrison, , 1999, trauma and sexual abuse 9 (Feinauer, Hilton, & Callahan, 2003;Murray & Waller, 2002;Wells et al, 1998;Wong & Cook, 1992) and hostility and anger (Balcom, 1991;Grosch, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

When I don't Like Myself: Portuguese Version of the Internalized Shame Scale

2012

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In the past two decades, there has been a growing theoretical and empirical interest on the role of shame, namely internal shame, on the conceptualization of human functioning and several interpersonal and emotional problems. The current study explores the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS), a self-report measure which assesses trait shame, composed by an Internal Shame subscale, measuring internalized shame, and a Self-Esteem subscale. The factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability and convergent and discriminant validity for both subscales, are presented, in a sample of 385 college students. The Principal Components Analyses reveal that both Internal Shame and Self-Esteem subscales present a one-dimensional structure which explains, respectively, 48.54% and 57.7% of the variance. The subscales present high internal consistency, with high Cronbach" alphas (.95 e .85) and moderate to high item-total correlations. The two subscales present an excellent temporal stability. Convergent and discriminant validity of the subscales was corroborated through the moderate correlations with a measure of shame and of social comparison, and through the low and moderate correlations with the subscales Depression, Anxiety, and Stress.The Portuguese version of the ISS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure internalized shame. Keywords: Internal shame; ISS; Psychometric properties; Psychopathology 5 ResumoTem-se assistido a um crescente interesse teórico e empírico acerca do papel da vergonha, nomeadamente da vergonha interna, na conceptualização do funcionamento humano e de vários problemas emocionais e interpessoais. Este estudo explora as propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa da Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) IntroduçãoShame is an emotion distinctive of human species, which has been linked to the internal experience of the self as an unattractive, undesirable, worthless, defective or powerless social agent (Gilbert, 2007;Lewis, 1992;Tangney & Dearing, 2002;Tracy & Robins, 2004). This selfconscious emotion plays a crucial role in identity formation and emerges as a defensive affect related to social status maintenance, prevention of group rejection and negotiation of complex social structures (Gilbert, , 2007Tangney & Fischer, 1995). This affect of inferiority, as defined by Kaufman (1989), is associated with negative self-evaluations of inadequacy and defect and with the exposure of these negative attributes and loss of status in the eyes of the others (Lewis, 1992(Lewis, , 2000Gilbert, , 2007Tangney & Dearing, 2002;Tracy & Robins, 2004). The emotion of shame arises within early interactions with significant others, influencing human functioning at individual, interpersonal, group and cultural levels (Gilbert, & Andrews, 1998;Tangney & Dearing, 2002).In the last two decades there has been an increasing empirical support to the importance of shame at conceptual and clinical levels, in a wide range of psychopathological sympt...

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“…Several aspects of shame have been studied, such as the shame and ideal self [3] and a sociological theory of shame [4]. Regarding specific ethnic study of shame, Bedford and Hwang suggested a cross-cultural framework on guilt and shame in Chinese culture [2].…”

Section: Theory and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Missing Link on Entrepreneurship Education Curricula

Widiawan¹

2017

International Journal of Industrial Research and Applied Engineering

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Abstract. Indeed, there are many failure cases in entrepreneurs' life. The psychological effects of business failure may produce shame and dysfunctional behavior responses. Do the entrepreneurs consider about the potential of shame they face? Do entrepreneurship education institutions pay attention to business closing as well as its impact to entrepreneurs' identity? This research explored the curricula of 66 top business schools which have entrepreneurship specialization. There was a course category, namely self-development, which is important for entrepreneurs to build their mental, self-leadership, self-awareness, self-image, etc. Unfortunately, from 2908 courses offered, only 12.76% courses were related to entrepreneurship and 0.79% courses to self-development issues. The curricula were dominated by business knowledge and business skills. There was a missing link, i.e., "when the business goes wrong", how to cope with failure, how to overcome shame, guilt, depression, stress, etc. In conclusion, there were lacks of self-development courses in the entrepreneurship education programs. This paper recommends to prepare the students to anticipate and overcome the shame by adding more psychological-related courses in the curriculum.

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Shame, Ideal Self, and Narcissism

Cited by 113 publications

References 17 publications

An Analysis of Self: The Development and Assessment of a Measure of Selfobject Needs

An Analysis of Self: The Development and Assessment of a Measure of Selfobject Needs

When I don't Like Myself: Portuguese Version of the Internalized Shame Scale

A Missing Link on Entrepreneurship Education Curricula

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