Shame and Violence:

When I don't Like Myself: Portuguese Version of the Internalized Shame Scale

“…In the past decades, there has been a growing body of research focused on shame and its empirical and clinical implications. At the same time, there is increasing empirical support for the central role internal shame plays in the conceptualization of multiple emotional and interpersonal problems (e.g., Balcom, 1991;Claesson & Sohlberg, 2002; Table 7 Product-moment Pearson correlations between the ISS scales (ISS Internal shame and ISS Self-Esteem) _SE, and external shame (OAS), social comparison (SCS) and depression (DEP), anxiety (A X) and stress (STR) Cook, 1991;Feinauer et al, 2003;Fischer, 1987;Grosch, 1994;Murray & Waller, 2002;Wells et al, 1998;Wells & Hansen, 2003;Morrison, 1983Morrison, , 1999Wong & Cook, 1992). The empirical interest on internal shame motivated the development of the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS; Cook, 1987Cook, , 1994Cook, , 2001), a self-report inventory that measures shame as an internalized trait.…”

“…A growing body of research has focused on the relationship between internal shame and various emotional and interpersonal problems, such as depression Ashby et al, 2006;Mahalingam & Jackson, 2007;Matos & Pinto-Gouveia, 2009;Pinto-Gouveia, Castilho, Matos, & Xavier, 2011;Wong & Cook, 1992), anxiety (Pinto-Gouveia & Matos, 2010), paranoia and social anxiety , abandonment and rejection (Claesson & Sohlberg, 2002), substance abuse (Cook, 1991;Fisher, 1987;Wells, Bruss, & Katrin, 1998), insecure attachment (Cook, 1991;Wells & Hansen, 2003), eating disorders (Murray & Waller, 2002), identity integration (Wells & Hansen, 2003), narcisic personality Grosch, 1994;Morrison, 1983Morrison, , 1999, trauma and sexual abuse (Feinauer, Hilton, & Callahan, 2003;Murray & Waller, 2002;Wells et al, 1998;Wong & Cook, 1992) and hostility and anger (Balcom, 1991;Grosch, 1994).…”