Shame and Theory-of-Mind Predicts Rule-Following Behavior

Guerrero, Federico

doi:10.3390/g11030036

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As we will explain below, adherence to this rule was costly for participants in terms of monetary reward. In the original rule-following task [ 26 ]–which is well established in the literature (e.g., see [ 26 , 28 ])–participants must decide whether or not to wait for a traffic light to turn green. In our behavioral task participants moved through a supermarket and had to decide whether to wait for other shoppers to move out of the way, thus keeping the required minimal physical distancing of 1.5 meters, or pass these shoppers without complying with the physical distancing rule of 1.5 meters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to images showing (non)adherence to physical distancing rules: Effect on adherence behavior and perceived social norms

Raghoebar

Delnoij²,

Kamphorst³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Adherence to behavioral measures such as physical distancing are key to mitigating the effects of viral pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence depends in part on people’s perception of what others do (descriptive norms) or approve of (injunctive norms). This study examines the effects that exposure to images depicting people following or breaking physical distancing rules have on perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms and subsequent adherence behavior. Methods An online between-subjects experiment (n = 315) was conducted, in which participants were exposed to a set of five photographs of different public spaces in which people either did or did not adhere to physical distancing rules (pre-registration: https://www.osf.io/uek2p). Participants’ adherence behavior was measured using a triangulation of measures (incentivized online behavioral task, vignettes, intention measure). Perceptions of relevant social norms were also measured. Results Mann-Whitney tests showed no effects of condition on perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms or on adherence behavior. Linear regressions showed that both component paths of the indirect effect (condition on norm perceptions, and norm perceptions on adherence behavior) were non-significant, hence mediation analyses were not conducted. Conclusions Exposure to images of people following (compared to breaking) physical distancing rules did not affect adherence to such rules or perceived norms. We surmise that a single exposure to such images, especially in the context of COVID-19, is insufficient to affect behavior. We therefore recommend performing a comparable experiment in which participants are exposed repeatedly to images showing people (non)adhering to a specific behavior in a particular context for a longer period.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to images showing (non)adherence to physical distancing rules: Effect on adherence behavior and perceived social norms

Raghoebar

Delnoij²,

Kamphorst³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When an individual engages in perspective taking they may "put themselves in another person's shoes." Evidence suggests that perspective taking develops as children age, is deficient in individuals who have autism, and is correlated with rule-following behavior [33][34][35].…”

Section: Perspective Takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intentions versus Outcomes: Cooperation and Fairness in a Sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma with Nature

Guerrero

2021

Games

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This paper investigates the importance of concerns about intentions and outcomes in a sequential prisoner’s dilemma game with nature. In the game, there is a chance that the first mover’s choice is reversed. This allows the separation of intended actions from the resulting outcomes. Equilibrium predictions from theoretical models of fairness are tested experimentally by varying the chance the first mover’s choice is reversed and whether the second mover observes the first mover’s choice. The results show that second mover cooperation is higher when the first mover has little control over their choice and when the second mover is not told what the first mover chose. While subject behavior is consistent with concerns for both intentions and outcomes, the results indicate that these concerns work in ways not predicted by current theoretical models. In addition, I find that psychometric measures of empathic concern and perspective taking are correlated with second mover cooperation and provide potential explanations for the experimental results.

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Shame and Theory-of-Mind Predicts Rule-Following Behavior

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Exposure to images showing (non)adherence to physical distancing rules: Effect on adherence behavior and perceived social norms

Exposure to images showing (non)adherence to physical distancing rules: Effect on adherence behavior and perceived social norms

Intentions versus Outcomes: Cooperation and Fairness in a Sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma with Nature

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