Shame and the Psychosocial Costs of Contemporary Work: Implications for Career Intervention

Cinamon, Rachel Gali; Blustein, David L.

doi:10.1002/cdq.12234

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…Relational and societal images regarding counselors are concerned with professionals viewed as competent, objective, and capable with high moral and ethical expectations. These images stand in contrast to typical feelings of guilt and shame experienced by persons who use substances as a tool for dealing with the stressors of life (Cinamon & Blustein, 2020;Hartling, 2003;Jordan, 2000).…”

Section: Application Of Rct To the Case Examplementioning

confidence: 81%

“…The guilt, shame, and subsequent diminishment of authenticity felt by a person who has used substances leads them to disconnect from relationships and ultimately display characteristics of the central relational paradox (Cinamon & Blustein, 2020). The central relational paradox reveals the experience of a person who leaves out parts of their authentic selves due to fear of being hurt (Flores & Sheely‐Moore, 2020; Jordan, 2017, 2018).…”

Section: Case Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Through the relational looking glass: Applications of relational–cultural theory to career development and mental health

Chan

Hammer

Richardson³

et al. 2022

Journal of Employment Couns

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Social justice and advocacy have been characterized as foundational underpinnings in the history of career development practices. Despite the uptick of research synthesizing social justice, advocacy, and career development, theories centering social justice have distinctly focused on individual career development rather than identifying relationships as the driver for growth and change. Established in feminist philosophical underpinnings, relationalcultural theory (RCT) illuminates the importance of social justice, mutuality, and relationships that promote employees' authenticity and mental health. This article describes (a) an overview of RCT tenets; (b) the connection among RCT, career development, and wellness; and (c) a case example for application. K E Y W O R D S feminism, mental health, relational-cultural theory, social justice, workplaceThe relationship among career development, counseling, and mental health has elicited a significant priority on multiculturalism and social justice and draws from its history on advocacy (Crucil & Amundson, 2017;Nassar-McMillan, 2014). In fact, both the American Counseling Association Code of Ethics (2014) and the National Career Development Association Code of Ethics (2015) underscore the importance of social justice in the professional identity of career counselors and practitioners. Due to this relationship, a multitude of career development interventions function primarily from approaches that augment elements of social justice and advocacy (Fickling et al., 2018;Pope et al., 2013). However, the prevailing use of theories in career development predominantly draws from a conglomeration of tenets and histories steeped in White, Eurocentric, patriarchal, and individualistic paradigms (Nassar-McMillan, 2014).

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Section: Application Of Rct To the Case Examplementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Case Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Through the relational looking glass: Applications of relational–cultural theory to career development and mental health

Chan

Hammer

Richardson³

et al. 2022

Journal of Employment Couns

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To assess outcomes of the Fostering Social Awareness and Reducing Self-Blame workshop, we developed four items to assess shame and self-blame related to participants' work situations. The content of these items derived from shame theory (e.g., Tangney et al, 2007), and more specifically, the application of shame and self-blame to the unemployment and job search experiences (Cinamon & Blustein, 2020;Sharone, 2013). Participants responded to items on a seven-point Likert scale ranging from (1) Strongly Disagree to (7) Strongly Agree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although unemployment is a social problem rooted in social and economic forces, unemployed and underemployed jobseekers typically encounter a strong societal stigma and the perception of others that they are tainted, flawed, or otherwise responsible for their own unemployment (e.g., Goffman, 1963;Pedulla, 2020). As such, one of the most challenging aspects faced by jobseekers is the tendency to internalize the sense of rejection and isolation, which can contribute to shame and to declines in physical and mental health, thereby undermining one's effectiveness in the job search (Cinamon & Blustein, 2020;Pugh, 2015;Sharone, 2013, in press). Despite the negative consequences of shame and self-blame, most interventions do not address these issues and may in fact reinforce it with the individualistic message that unemployed jobseekers' primary focus should be to improve their job search skills (Sharone, 2013, in press).…”

Section: Fostering Social Awareness and Reducing Self-blame (One Sess...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of an Integrative Intervention for Work and Mental Health: The WIN Program

Blustein,

Allan,

Mazur

et al. 2023

Journal of Career Assessment

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The purpose of this study was to describe the development of a new intervention for jobseekers and to assess its efficacy using a naturalistic, pre-post intervention design. In contrast to existing work-based interventions, the Work Intervention Network (WIN) intervention targets multiple intersecting domains through four modules and via six group sessions: deepening and sustaining relationships; fostering social awareness and reducing self-blame; building emotional resilience and self-care; and planning, exploring, and engaging in the job search. To evaluate the intervention, we first recruited a sample of 33 jobseekers to provide feedback on the program. Integrating their feedback into the design of the program, we then recruited a sample of 108 jobseekers who filled out surveys before and after the six-session intervention, which assessed work and mental health functioning across the four domains. Results revealed that participants were highly satisfied with the intervention and reported large increases in social support, belonging, psychological well-being, job search engagement, and work hope as well as decreases in isolation and self-blame. This study provides strong support for the WIN intervention and has implications for how to support jobseekers in an increasingly precarious labor environment.

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“…SD arises when self‐efficacy fails to develop around a certain task. It is associated with negative emotions such as envy (Papadakis, 2004), shame (Cinamon & Blustein, 2020), despair and sadness (Briñol et al., 2007), anger and guilt (Kashdan & Biswas‐Diener, 2015). Chronic SD causes distress and anxiety (Jones & Berglas, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Am I a good enough therapist?’: Self‐doubt among speech and language therapists

Gold

Gold²

2023

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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BackgroundThe therapeutic process is fraught with various feelings. This research focused on a specific type of negative feeling, namely self‐doubt (SD).AimTo explore and characterize the nature of SD among speech and language therapists (SLTs) (the frequency of SD, situations that trigger SD, emotions and thoughts related to SD, and coping strategies) in various stages of occupational experience.Methods & ProceduresA total of 267 SLTs answered an online survey. Respondents represented SLTs in all stages of vocational experience, with varying academic degrees, from a variety of employment settings. The survey addressed situations that trigger SD, thoughts, and emotions associated with SD and the background information of the respondents. Frequency distributions of the responses of the participants were determined, and independent‐samples Kruskal–Wallis tests were conducted to examine if there were differences between groups that differed in their occupational experience on the frequency of SD, attitudes towards SD and emotions related to SD.Outcomes & ResultsDifferences were found between SLTs in various stages of professional development in several aspects of SD. Novice SLTs reported significantly higher levels of SD compared with experienced SLTs. In the face of SD, novice SLTs consider career abandonment significantly more than do experienced SLTs. They perceive themselves as a failure when experiencing SD to a significantly greater extent than do more experienced SLTs. In addition, SD is associated with various negative emotions.Conclusions & ImplicationsSelf‐doubt is a natural professional feeling. It may be harmful especially in the early stages of professional development. Our findings call for support and guidance in the face of SD.WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on the subject Healthcare professionals report feeling SD. This feeling may have deleterious effects on well‐being and career satisfaction and is especially harmful in young therapists.What this paper adds to existing knowledge This study characterizes the nature of SD among SLTs in various stages of occupational experience. Our findings indicate that SD is reported among SLTs at all career stages, especially in novice SLTs. Self‐doubt is associated with a range of negative thoughts and emotions, and it may be triggered by various situations. Nonetheless, it is a topic that our respondents rarely learn about.What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Normalising and validating SD is important to SLTs’ resilience and may facilitate coping. This may be achieved by learning about the subject of SD in graduate programmes. In addition, mentors should create a safe learning culture to allow sharing SD and challenging situations, especially in the first years of occupational experience.

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Shame and the Psychosocial Costs of Contemporary Work: Implications for Career Intervention

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Through the relational looking glass: Applications of relational–cultural theory to career development and mental health

Through the relational looking glass: Applications of relational–cultural theory to career development and mental health

An Evaluation of an Integrative Intervention for Work and Mental Health: The WIN Program

‘Am I a good enough therapist?’: Self‐doubt among speech and language therapists

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