Shame and Pride

Benau, Ken

doi:10.4324/9780429425943-3

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The respondent is asked to indicate on a five-point scale whether she: 1 (never), 2 (almost never), 3 (sometimes), 4 (frequently), or 5 (almost always) reacts in the given ways. The items and scripts are divided into one scale, Shame Proneness (four items), and five scales that measure shame coping: In healthy Adaptive coping scale (eight items), the shame is acknowledged and evaluated, with reparatory behaviour as the action tendency (Elison et al, 2006;Nathanson, 1992). Scales for maladaptive coping are divided into the internalizing coping strategies Attack Self (four items) and Avoidance (hiding or withdrawing from the situation: four items), and the externalizing strategies Denial (taking emotional distance or trivializing the situation: twelve items) and Attack Other (eight items).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Conscience functioning and its developmental delays in Dutch female offenders’

Verkade¹,

Karsten

Koenraadt

2021

The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology

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According to the integrative theory of conscience, conscience is defined as a psychological function, consisting of interrelated and reciprocally influencing aspects: the capacity for empathy, the tendency to experience self-conscious emotions, and moral reasoning. Previous research in Dutch populations suggests that offenders have lower conscience functioning than non-offenders, but that female offenders may have fewer deficiencies than male offenders and that the underlying pattern may differ. However, little is known about the conscience of female offenders compared to non-offending women. In this study, conscience functioning of 38 Dutch female offenders was compared to that of 114 non-offending female controls, 77 from the general population and 37 with psychiatric problems. Offenders scored lower on affective empathy, showed stagnated self-centering, and made more use of self-serving cognitive distortions than both non-offending control groups, with medium to large effect sizes. Findings implicate that treatment programs should focus on learning to decentralize, mentalize, and self-regulate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%