Shame- and guilt-proneness: Relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample

Fergus, Thomas A.; Valentiner, David P.; McGrath, Patrick B.; Jencius, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.06.002

Cited by 173 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…Research has begun to identify that shame is a prevalent transdiagnostic factor in multiple mental health presentations (e.g., Fergus et al, 2010;Kim et al, 2014) and it may be that the severity and association between shame states and coping styles in trauma and general mental health populations are more analogous than previously believed. However, it must be acknowledged that the present study focussed narrowly on baseline comparisons of these shame factors and did not examine differences in trait shame or the relationship between shame and symptomatology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing shame in clinical and nonclinical populations: Preliminary findings.

Dyer¹,

Dorahy²,

Corry³

et al. 2017

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Objectives: To conduct a preliminary study comparing different trauma and clinical populations on types of shame coping style and levels of state shame and guilt. Methods: A mixed independent groups/correlational design was employed. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling of 3 clinical populations—complex trauma (n = 65), dissociative identity disorder (DID; n = 20), and general mental health (n = 41)—and a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 125). All participants were given (a) the Compass of Shame Scale, which measures the four common shame coping behaviors/styles of “withdrawal,” “attack self,” “attack other,” and “avoidance,” and (b) the State Shame and Guilt Scale, which assesses state shame, guilt, and pride. Results: The DID group exhibited significantly higher levels of “attack self,” “withdrawal,” and “avoidance” relative to the other groups. The complex trauma and general mental health groups did not differ on any shame variable. All three clinical groups had significantly greater levels of the “withdrawal” coping style and significantly impaired shame/guilt/pride relative to the healthy volunteers. “Attack self” emerged as a significant predictor of increased state shame in the complex trauma, general mental health, and healthy volunteer groups, whereas “withdrawal” was the sole predictor of state shame in the DID group. Conclusions: DID emerged as having a different profile of shame processes compared to the other clinical groups, whereas the complex trauma and general mental health groups had comparable shame levels and variable relationships. These differential profiles of shame coping and state shame are discussed with reference to assessment and treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing shame in clinical and nonclinical populations: Preliminary findings.

Dyer¹,

Dorahy²,

Corry³

et al. 2017

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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“…Moreover, this rating pattern was not only found for anxiety but also for shame and guilt ratings, emotions whose role in the etiology of OCD has repeatedly been emphasized. Specifically, feelings of guilt (Mancini and Gangemi, 2004) and shame (Fergus et al, 2010) have been strongly linked to a pathological inflation of responsibility obsessions. In OCD, dysfunctional beliefs about uncertainty have been hypothesized as one of several contributing factors in the pathogenesis of anxiety and indecisiveness (Salkovskis et al, 1999;Coles et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The associated feelings of incompleteness or imperfection represent a major source of distress in OCD (Coles et al, 2005). Thus, negative performance outcomes might be associated with enhanced negative emotions such as anxiety, guilt, shame and uncertainty, which are thought to contribute to OCD symptoms (Fergus et al, 2010), although a potential link between performance outcomes and emotional responses in OCD patients has not been experimentally investigated yet. Furthermore, pathological beliefs about the tolerability of doubt and uncertainty are thought to contribute to the development and maintenance of OCD (Steketee et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered emotional and BOLD responses to negative, positive and ambiguous performance feedback in OCD

Becker

Nitsch

Schlößer

et al. 2013

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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While abnormal processing of performance feedback has been associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), neural responses to different kinds of feedback information, especially to ambiguous feedback are widely unknown. Using fMRI and a performance adaptive time-estimation task, we acquired blood oxygenation level-dependant responses and emotional ratings to positive, negative and ambiguous performance feedback in patients and healthy controls. Negative and ambiguous feedback led to increased levels of anxiety, guilt and shame in patients. Both negative and ambiguous feedback, as compared to positive feedback, induced increased activation of the insular cortex in patients. Furthermore, patients showed no differential activation to negative feedback in the putamen and to ambiguous feedback in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). Finally, negative feedback induced increased activation in the midcingulate cortex in patients compared to controls. Findings indicate that both negative and ambiguous performance feedbacks are associated with abnormal negative emotions and altered brain activation, in particular increased insula activation, while activation in the putamen and VMPFC does not differentiate between feedback types in OCD patients. This suggests a parallel pattern of increased and decreased neural sensitivity to different kinds of feedback information and a general emotional hyperresponsivity to negative and ambiguous performance feedback in OCD.

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“…Shame is associated with a range of psychological disorders including depression (Kim et al, 2011), anxiety (Fergus et al, 2010), PTSD (Andrews et al, 2000), eating disorders (Troop et al, 2008) and schizophrenia (Suslow et al, 2003). Importantly, research suggests that shame is a trans-diagnostic moderator of the association between stressors and psychological difficulties (Harper and Arias, 2004;Beck et al, 2011;Shorey et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the shame subscales have not yet been investigated in relation to paranoia, these tests were exploratory. The study also investigated whether significant findings were maintained while controlling for the variance explained by depression and anxiety, as these has been found to be associated with shame (Swan and Andrews, 2003;Rusch et al, 2006;Fergus et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame amplifies the association between stressful life events and paranoia amongst young adults using mental health services: Implications for understanding risk and psychological resilience

Johnson¹,

Jones²,

Lin³

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research

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Shame is associated with a range of psychological disorders, and is a trans-diagnostic moderator of the association between stressors and symptoms of disorder. However, research has yet to investigate shame in relation to specific psychotic symptoms in clinical groups. In order to address this, the present study investigated shame in young adults with mental health problems, to test whether shame was i) directly associated with paranoia, a prevalent psychotic symptom, and ii) a moderator of the association between stress and paranoia . Sixty participants completed measures of stressful events, paranoia, shame, depression and anxiety.Results from a cross-sectional regression analysis suggested that shame was associated with paranoia after the stressful life event measure was entered into the model, and shame moderated the association between stress and paranoia. For individuals scoring high on shame, shame amplified the association between stress and paranoia, but for low-shame individuals, the association between stress and paranoia was non-significant. These findings suggest that high levels of shame could confer vulnerability for paranoia amongst clinical groups, and that resistance to experiencing shame could be a marker of resilience.

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Shame- and guilt-proneness: Relationships with anxiety disorder symptoms in a clinical sample

Cited by 173 publications

References 22 publications

Comparing shame in clinical and nonclinical populations: Preliminary findings.

Comparing shame in clinical and nonclinical populations: Preliminary findings.

Altered emotional and BOLD responses to negative, positive and ambiguous performance feedback in OCD

Shame amplifies the association between stressful life events and paranoia amongst young adults using mental health services: Implications for understanding risk and psychological resilience

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