Shame and Guilt-Proneness in Adolescents: Gene-Environment Interactions

Szentágotai‐Tătar, Aurora; Chiş, Adina; Vulturar, Romana; Dobrean, Anca; Cândea, Diana; Miu, Andrei C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0134716

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…These data corroborate the important role that external shame plays in several mental health problems (Gilbert, 2009(Gilbert, , 2010. This may be particularly true for adolescents who crave for social acceptance and are, thus, more vulnerable to socially shameful experiences (Gilbert & Irons, 2009;Szentágotai-Tătar et al, 2015). Such shameful experiences and shame feelings can play a key role in RUNNING HEAD: External shame across diverse samples of adolescents 6 youth psychosocial maladjustment and mental health outcomes (Cunha et al, 2012;Gilbert & Irons, 2009).…”

supporting

confidence: 58%

Dimensionality and measurement invariance of the Other as Shamer Scale across diverse adolescent samples

Vagos

Silva

Brazão

et al. 2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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The current work investigates the psychometric properties of the complete and short versions of the Other as Shamer Scale, using three Portuguese adolescent samples presenting diverse severity degrees of behavioral problems. This instrument measures external shame, an important precursor and correlate of psychosocial functioning, but has only been tested with community samples. Results showed the acceptability of a three-factor solution for the complete version of the measure (i.e., inferior, emptiness, and how others react when they see me make mistakes). The short unifactorial measure was also acceptably fitted the data. Both measurement models were partially invariant across gender, with boys and girls presenting similar levels of shame. They were also partially invariant across boys presenting diverse degrees of behavioral problems, with community participants presenting the lowest levels of shame. Evidence was gathered in favor of the internal consistency and validity in relation to depressive, anxious and stress symptoms, self-criticism and self-reassurance, and experiential avoidance, for both versions of the instrument. This study adds to evidence of the Other as Shamer Scale being an appropriate evaluation tool, with diverse samples of adolescents, and providing the user with diverse assessment options to be chosen in accordance with varied research of therapeutic purposes.

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supporting

confidence: 58%

Dimensionality and measurement invariance of the Other as Shamer Scale across diverse adolescent samples

Vagos

Silva

Brazão

et al. 2016

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…This finding is not consistent with studies that found that the low-functioning BDNF Met66 allele and CM/childhood trauma or early life adversity or stress interact to predict increased susceptibility for psychopathology, including anxiety-related temperamental traits, such as neuroticism (Gatt et al, 2009) and guilt-proneness (Szentágotai-Tətar et al, 2015), anxiety symptoms (Gatt et al, 2009) and mood disorders and associated symptoms (Aguilera et al, 2009; Carver et al, 2011; Gutiérrez et al, 2015). Our findings are also not in agreement with G x E studies that found an interactive effect of the higher functioning Val66 allele and environmental exposures (i.e.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

No gene-by-environment interaction of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on anxiety sensitivity in a mixed race adolescent sample

Martin

Hemmings

Kidd

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Anxiety disorders in youth are attributable to multiple causal mechanisms, comprising biological vulnerabilities, such as genetics and temperament, and unfavourable environmental influences, such as childhood maltreatment (CM).Objective: A gene-environment (G x E) interaction study was conducted to determine the interactive effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and CM to increase susceptibility to anxiety sensitivity (AS) in a sample of mixed race adolescents.Method: Participants (n = 308, mean age = 15.8 years) who were all secondary school students and who completed measures for AS and CM were genotyped for the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess G x E influences on AS. Age and gender were included in the models as covariates as age was significantly associated with AS total score (p < .05), and females had significantly higher AS scores than males (p < .05).Results: A main effect of CM on AS was evident (p < .05), however, no main effect of BDNF genotype on AS was observed (p > .05). A non-significant G x E effect on AS was revealed (p < .05).Conclusions: Our results suggest that CM does not have a moderating role in the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met genotype and the increased risk of anxiety-related phenotypes, such as AS. Given the exploratory nature of this study, findings require replication in larger samples and adjustment for population stratification to further explore the role of BDNF Val66Met and CM on AS in mixed race adolescents.

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“…Similarly, a recent longitudinal study has reported that harsh parenting in childhood is related to increased shame-proneness, but not guilt-proneness in adolescence [28]. Other childhood traumatic events such as parental conflict and sexual abuse were not associated with proneness to shame and guilt [28, 29]. Another recent study showed that shame-proneness may be increased in adolescents with a history of serious illness or injury [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other childhood traumatic events such as parental conflict and sexual abuse were not associated with proneness to shame and guilt [28, 29]. Another recent study showed that shame-proneness may be increased in adolescents with a history of serious illness or injury [29]. Research focusing on situational shame and guilt has also documented their relation to childhood trauma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation, Childhood Trauma and Proneness to Shame and Guilt in Adolescence

Szentágotai‐Tătar

Miu

2016

PLoS ONE

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Dispositional shame and guilt have been associated with psychopathology and an increasing number of studies have traced this relation back to adolescence. This developmental period is thought to be characterized by maturational changes in emotion regulation, which also play an important role in vulnerability to psychopathology, but little is known about the links between emotion regulation and dispositional shame and guilt. The current study investigated the relations between individual differences in the habitual use of a wide range of emotion regulation strategies and proneness to shame and guilt in a large sample of adolescents (N = 706), aged 13 to 17 years. History of childhood trauma was also assessed. Our results showed that emotion regulation independently explained about 20% of the variance of shame-proneness and guilt-proneness. Higher use of maladaptive (e.g., Self-Blaming, Catastrophizing) and lower use of adaptive (e.g., Refocus on Planning, Positive Reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies were positively associated with shame-proneness. In contrast, lower use of maladaptive (e.g., Catastrophizing, Blaming Others) and higher use of adaptive (e.g., Refocus on Planning, Positive Reappraisal) emotion regulation strategies were associated with guilt-proneness, independent of the influence of childhood trauma, which also explained a relatively minor portion of guilt-proneness. Although there were age differences (i.e., rumination was used more by older adolescents, and the influence of emotion regulation on depression and anxiety symptoms increased with age) and sex differences (i.e., girls reported higher use of Putting into Perspective and Other Blaming compared to boys) in emotion regulation, age and sex were not significantly associated with proneness to shame and guilt. The positive relations with maladaptive emotion regulation underscores the dysfunctional nature of shame-proneness. Future studies could use longitudinal measures to establish that emotion regulation drives dispositional shame and guilt, and also investigate whether emotion regulation optimization is able to normalize proneness to shame and guilt and reduce risk for psychopathology.

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Shame and Guilt-Proneness in Adolescents: Gene-Environment Interactions

Cited by 13 publications

References 96 publications

Dimensionality and measurement invariance of the Other as Shamer Scale across diverse adolescent samples

Dimensionality and measurement invariance of the Other as Shamer Scale across diverse adolescent samples

No gene-by-environment interaction of BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and childhood maltreatment on anxiety sensitivity in a mixed race adolescent sample

Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation, Childhood Trauma and Proneness to Shame and Guilt in Adolescence

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