Shallow Versus Deep Integration Between Mediterranean Countries and the EU and Within the Mediterranean Region

Abstract

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Determinants of Growth and Inflation in Southern Mediterranean Countries

“…The potential for trade expansion between the EU and the MED-11 as well as among the MED-11 countries that could result from lowering tariffs, and easing non-tariff barriers -including improving trade logistics -is discussed in Ghoneim et al (2012). 32 De Wulf &Maliszewska (2009) provide details on how the EU could help in this deepening of economic integration between the EU and MED-11 with well-targeted support initiatives that should go beyond the lowering of tariffs that was the main approach of the Association Agreements.…”

Middle East and North African Integration: through the lens of Non-Tariff Measures

“…Several studies have, mostly indirectly, assessed the role of NTMs in MENA countries. For example, it has been argued that NTMs have played an important role in explaining the low intra-regional trade of the region (Ghoneim et al, 2011) whether the main reasons have been economic, political, or institutional. Interestingly, when tariffs jei Middle East and North African Integration: through the lens of Non-Tariff Measures were reduced due to multilateral commitments or the full implementation of regional agreements, the use of NTMs started to gain momentum as a device to impede trade while acting as a substitute to the high tariffs and traditional NTMs (e.g.…”

“…Other studies (Konan, 2003;Abedini and Péridy, 2008;Ghoneim et al, 2011) focused on the expected benefits of deepening trade among Arab countries. In fact, such studies identified that deep integration among Arab countries (e.g.…”

Transport Infrastructure for Med11 Countries

“…To estimate the trade creation effects of shallow and deep integration, Ghonheim et al (2011) observed that it is important that all the relevant policy measures be considered as a package and not independently as the effects are not additive.…”