“…Others may include peers or computerbased agents (Biswas et al, 2010;Roscoe & Chi, 2007). Four lines of research have been conducted within the learning by teaching paradigm, including learning by preparing to teach (Annis, 1983;Bargh & Schul, 1980;Fiorella & Mayer, 2013;Renkl, 1995), learning by (actually) teaching (Annis, 1983;Fiorella & Mayer, 2013, 2014, learning through peer tutoring (Chi, Siler, Jeong, Yamauchi, & Hausmann, 2001;De Backer, Van Keer, & Valcke, 2012;King, Staffieri, & Adelgais, 1998;Roscoe & Chi, 2007), and teachable agents, such as computer-based agents (Biswas et al, 2005(Biswas et al, , 2010Roscoe, Segedy, Sulcer, Jeong, & Biswas, 2013).…”