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Underground pipeline infrastructures, such as water supply and industrial water pipes, were rapidly constructed in Japan during the 1970-1980s economic boom and have been ageing quickly. In general, corrosion of buried metal water pipes depends on the physicochemical properties of the soil around them. Conventionally, when conducting such investigations, the soil is excavated and sampled to analyse these properties in laboratories. As this damages the paved road surface, an alternative method is required. Resistivity is a significant physical property measured when investigating the corrosion risk of underground pipelines. Therefore, if geophysical exploration can facilitate the investigation of soil resistivity from the ground surface, it will play a key role in the renewal planning of water pipes. Traditionally, geophysical methods such as electrical and electromagnetic exploration have been used for measuring subsurface resistivity. Electrical exploration is a robust and noise-tolerant method; however, it requires electrode installation. Most roads over the pipelines are paved, making conventional electrical exploration using metal electrodes a challenging task. Therefore, the Geological Survey of Japan, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, has developed a very-low-frequency band alternating current electrical surveying technique that uses water-saturated polyvinyl alcohol sponge electrodes. In this technique, electrodes are placed on an asphalt or concrete paved surface and the electrode measures the soil resistivity profile and detects the corrosive soil distribution without damaging the paved surface. Moreover, we improved this equipment to enable vertical electrical survey of numerous points and acquired data for 740 m of the survey line in 1 day at Maborikaigan coast in Yokosuka City. We found that the resistivity values varied with the depths and locations of the buried water pipes. These variations indicated that surveys and evaluations on long survey lines along water pipe burial routes are essential for risk management in water pipelines.
Underground pipeline infrastructures, such as water supply and industrial water pipes, were rapidly constructed in Japan during the 1970-1980s economic boom and have been ageing quickly. In general, corrosion of buried metal water pipes depends on the physicochemical properties of the soil around them. Conventionally, when conducting such investigations, the soil is excavated and sampled to analyse these properties in laboratories. As this damages the paved road surface, an alternative method is required. Resistivity is a significant physical property measured when investigating the corrosion risk of underground pipelines. Therefore, if geophysical exploration can facilitate the investigation of soil resistivity from the ground surface, it will play a key role in the renewal planning of water pipes. Traditionally, geophysical methods such as electrical and electromagnetic exploration have been used for measuring subsurface resistivity. Electrical exploration is a robust and noise-tolerant method; however, it requires electrode installation. Most roads over the pipelines are paved, making conventional electrical exploration using metal electrodes a challenging task. Therefore, the Geological Survey of Japan, the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, has developed a very-low-frequency band alternating current electrical surveying technique that uses water-saturated polyvinyl alcohol sponge electrodes. In this technique, electrodes are placed on an asphalt or concrete paved surface and the electrode measures the soil resistivity profile and detects the corrosive soil distribution without damaging the paved surface. Moreover, we improved this equipment to enable vertical electrical survey of numerous points and acquired data for 740 m of the survey line in 1 day at Maborikaigan coast in Yokosuka City. We found that the resistivity values varied with the depths and locations of the buried water pipes. These variations indicated that surveys and evaluations on long survey lines along water pipe burial routes are essential for risk management in water pipelines.
Control and management of corrosion have always been the concern of oil and gas asset management teams due to the challenging outcomes of failed facilities in service due to corrosion. Corrosion has an impact on human safety, environmental safety, and productivity; thus, it is important to know how corrosive an environment is in order to make the best investment decisions for facilities that are prone to corrosion. There are various ways of identifying environmental corrosivity, but there is no distinct map or relation with combined soil pH and resistivity impact unique to an environment that suggests the corrosion severity of such an environment, which could be due to the complexities of variables involved in defining the extent of corrosivity. This research aims to create a corrosion map using the MATLAB computing environment for Rivers State, a mega oil-producing state in the Niger Delta, based on soil resistivity and pH across different parts of the state with ongoing oil and gas activities for the purpose of a quick look decision-making guide. To determine corrosivity, such a map should only need to identify the soil resistivity and pH of a certain site. The pilot test conducted using 40-point soil pH and resistivity data suggested that it is feasible to develop a unique corrosivity map for a region since the result showed an R-square value of 70.03%. However, possible constraints of the mapping process were discussed, as well as suggestions for a wider survey and improvement.
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