Shallow bath chemical deposition of CdS thin film

Lo, Yuan-Pin; Choubey, Ravi Kant; Yu, Wan-Chin; Hsu, Wei-Feng; Lan, C.W.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2011.07.035

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…For solar cell application, hexagonal CdS films are preferable due to its excellent stability [24]. The results of X-ray analysis agreed well with the earlier reported results [8,23]. In Fig.…”

Section: Structural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The calculated band gap energy of the as deposited CdS films was found in the range of 2.41-2.47 eV, which is in good agreement with the reported literature [8,21,23]. On the other hand, decrease in the band gap values have been observed in the annealed thin films as compare to the asdeposited CdS films.…”

Section: Optical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…CdS films have been prepared by various techniques such as sputtering [3], MOCVD [4], close space sublimation (CSS) [5,6], chemical bath deposition (CBD) [7][8][9], spray pyrolysis [10], pulsed-laser deposition [11] etc. Among all those methods, CBD is most widely used deposition technique for CdS thin films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact most CBD depositions have been carried out at temperatures and pH between 70-90 and 10-12°C, respectively [8,13,14]. However, CdS films deposited by CBD tend to form the cubic phase, having poor crystalline quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of annealing treatment and deposition temperature on CdS thin films for CIGS solar cells applications

Choubey

Desai

Kale

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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Present study expounds how post-deposition annealing affects the various structural and optical properties of CdS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition technique. The structural and morphological changes have been observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy studies; however, the optical and electrical properties of the as deposited and annealed films were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy and four probe method, respectively. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed that all as-deposited and annealed films showed almost stoichiometric composition. XRD pattern of the thin films clearly shows the transformation from the cubic structure to the hexagonal structure induced by annealing. The band gaps of the as deposited films were found in the range of 2.41-2.47 eV, while after annealing it decreases due to the decomposition of hydroxides. The electrical resistivity found to decrease approximately 10 times after annealing the as-deposited CdS thin films.

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Section: Structural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Optical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of annealing treatment and deposition temperature on CdS thin films for CIGS solar cells applications

Choubey

Desai

Kale

et al. 2016

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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“…On the other hand, the group of O'Brien presented a process in which low Cd 2+ ions concentration is used-achieved through the use of ethylenediamine (H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 ) as ligand instead of NH 3 -and a reaction system in which, among others aspects, the substrate is heated instead of the whole reaction solution in order to assist the heterogeneous precipitation, thus making more efficient the production of CdS films [137,138]. The heating of the substrate was later used in a variation of the chemical bath deposition technique, which also utilizes a small volume of reaction solution, thus further increasing the efficiency of the reagents; this technique, described by McCandless and Shafarman [139,140] and used for the deposition of ultra-thin films, is called as chemical surface deposition [139][140][141][142][143][144]-with a slightly different arrangement, it has also been called as shallow chemical bath deposition [145,146]. All these and other approaches should be implemented or emulated to improve markedly the efficiency of a determined chemical formulation to deposit CdS thin films.…”

Section: Reutilization Of Reaction Residuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Analysis of Five Aspects Addressed to Minimize Costs and Waste in the Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films Using the CdB–AC6H5O7–AOH–(NH2)2CS System

García-Valenzuela¹,

Castelo-González²,

Baez-Gaxiola³

et al. 2013

MSA

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Five studies were conducted in order to produce less waste and economize the application of a CdCl 2 -Na 3 C 6 H 5 O 7 -KOH-H 3 BO 3 /NaOH/KCl-(NH 2 ) 2 CS definite aqueous system in the chemical bath deposition of CdS thin films, as well as to generate supporting information helpful to explain the effects of varying certain parameters established for the use of this formulation. These studies are related to the utility of the pH 10 borate buffer, to the selection of the appropriate OH -concentration, commercial alkali, and reaction temperature, and to the reusing of the residual solution. These studies were conducted by means of optical characterization, pH measurements, energy consumption tests, and chemical analysis; and all possible implications were analyzed in detail and widely supported by the literature. It is observed that the addition of 5.0 mL of pH 10 borate buffer in the reaction solutions only causes a slight reduction in the pH value and, therefore, in the thickness of the resulted films. It is observed that a decrease in CdCl 2 concentration causes an increase in the pH values, and when such reagent concentration is varied it is necessary to determine the pH value at which the best CdS films can be obtained; this indicates the existence of an optimum pH of deposition, depending on the used reagent concentrations. It is demonstrated that the use of KOH and NaOH is interchangeable, and the advantages of NaOH are evaluated in the context of hygroscopicity, CO 2 absorption, purity, and price. It is observed that the energy consumption when depositing a determined film is lower at high temperatures, and it is concluded that the time and energy savings at high temperatures are undoubtedly advantages in the deposition process of CdS thin films. A formulation to recycle the residual solution is presented, which is very important for the reducing of residual volume, and, therefore, in the minimizing of the environmental impact. An indirect objective of this work is to generate interest in identifying those points that could be modified in other chemical formulations to minimize costs and waste.

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Comparison of CdS Thin Films Prepared by the Traditional and Shallow Chemical Bath Deposition Method

Alvarado

Ramírez-Velasco

Reyes‐Gracia

et al. 2022

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is one of the most used methods for CdS thin films deposition, but nevertheless, the by-product from the reaction constitutes a source of gross contamination. To reduce these residues, shallow-CBD (S-CBD) is proposed as an alternative method. Albeit this method only requires 25% of solution compared to traditional-CBD (T-CDB), making this method suitable to be used in device fabrication technology. In this work, a comparison between both techniques idone through the optical (UV-vis), structural (X-ray diffraction), morphology (scanning electron microscopy), and electrical properties such as four-point resistivity and temperature-current dependence from CdS layers analysis, deposited by S-CBD and T-CBD, is reported.

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Shallow bath chemical deposition of CdS thin film

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of annealing treatment and deposition temperature on CdS thin films for CIGS solar cells applications

Effect of annealing treatment and deposition temperature on CdS thin films for CIGS solar cells applications

Detailed Analysis of Five Aspects Addressed to Minimize Costs and Waste in the Chemical Bath Deposition of CdS Films Using the Cd<i>B</i>–<i>A</i>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>–<i>A</i>OH–(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CS System

Comparison of CdS Thin Films Prepared by the Traditional and Shallow Chemical Bath Deposition Method

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