Shallow 3-D seismic reflection surveying: Data acquisition and preliminary processing strategies

Büker, Frank; Green, Alan G.; Horstmeyer, Heinrich

doi:10.1190/1.1444444

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Very interesting contributions can also be found in recent publications (Steeples and Miller, 1998;Miller et al, 1998;Wiederhold et al, 1998;van der Veen et al, 2001). In the last years the 3-D HRS method has also appeared (Bü ker et al, 1998). The HRS method is well suited to hydrogeological investigation in a stratified earth model (Meekes et al, 1990;Meekes and van Will, 1991;Whiteley et al, 1998;Bradford et al, 1998;and Liberty, 1998), due to the relatively high resolution and the capacity to explore very deep targets.…”

Section: Brief Overview Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mapping of thin sandy aquifers by using high resolution reflection seismics and 2-D electrical tomography

Šumanovac¹

2006

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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Electrical tomography, which gives good results even in fairly complex geological environments, has given a new lease of life to electrical methods in hydrogeological surveys. Nevertheless, a rapid decline in resolution with increasing depth remains the main problem of the electrical methods. In the Pannonian basin in Croatia, at a test area, combining both electrical tomography and seismic reflection methods provides data that better constrain the lithological and hydrogeological model of the subsurface.Electrical tomography revealed a rather thick packet of sediments with increased resistivity at depths of 40-100 m. Using the electrical forward modelling, the existence of two different hydrogeological models was shown. The first model presupposes a reasonably homogeneous packet of sandy clays or clayey sands, and the other model presupposes the alternation between layers of clays and sands. From the hydrogeological point of view, the second model is perspective, but unfortunately, the use of electrical tomography alone does not allow the ambiguity to be resolved. The separation of these two models became possible using seismic reflection. Three seismic environments were isolated from the seismic profile treated, and the strongest reflections were discovered in the first seismic environment, which covers the depths from 40 to 100 m. It was determined that the second model is more acceptable, because these reflections are caused by lithological changes, that is, the alternations of sands and clays. The interpretation is consistent with exploratory borehole data. The conclusion is that electrical tomography gives data concerning the sediment lithology up to depths of 40 m, but at greater depths combined interpretation of electrical and seismic data constrains the subsurface model better. D

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Section: Brief Overview Of Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mapping of thin sandy aquifers by using high resolution reflection seismics and 2-D electrical tomography

Šumanovac¹

2006

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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“…One of the most comprehensive near‐surface 3D surveys is reported by Büker, Green, and Horstmeyer (, ). Their research was conducted in the Suhre Valley, Switzerland and covered an area of 357 m x 432 m. Results show that high fold with well sampled offset and azimuth distributions, along with near offset traces, are necessary when imaging shallow reflectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3D Autojuggie: automating acquisition of 3D near‐surface seismic reflection data

Miller

Sloan

Tsoflias

et al. 2016

Near Surface Geophysics

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New instrumentation, known as the 3D Autojuggie, has been developed that allows acquisition of three‐dimensional shallow seismic reflection data in a cost‐effective manner. The 3D Autojuggie is capable of simultaneously planting 220 geophones with 0.5‐m spacing in the inline and crossline directions in less than 1 minute. Likewise, all 220 geophones can be picked up in the same amount of time so that the receiver grid can be moved and redeployed on the order of a few minutes without disconnecting cables and seismographs. This significantly reduces the time required to roll geo‐phones and cables and the number of crew members needed for three‐dimensional high‐resolution seismic surveying. While efficiency of three‐dimensional surveying is demonstrated here, the use of the Autojuggie will be limited in rough terrain and in dry or rocky top soil. This study presents two field tests of the 3D Autojuggie. The first one was conducted over soil using conventional geophones with spikes, and the second one was conducted over hard pavement using geophones mounted on base plates. Each dataset is compared to corresponding walkaway lines of conventional manually placed control geophones. Data acquired using the 3D Autojuggie are directly comparable and nearly indistinguishable to hand‐planted geophones. Field experiments resulted in a minimum of triple the acquisition efficiency increase compared with conventional geophone deployment methods. This work demonstrates that the 3D Autojuggie can facilitate the acquisition of high‐resolution three‐dimensional seismic data, making possible routine ultra‐shallow seismic imaging.

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“…When such vibrators are not available, impulsive sources, such as a sledgehammer or explosives, have generally been used showing good results (e.g., Miller ad Steeples ). Field surveys are usually conducted in 2D, but 3D surveys are also becoming popular (Büker et al ; Sloan, Steeples, and Tsoflias ; Lundberg et al ). Land streamers have been developed to speed up field surveys and are very suitable on well‐built roads (van der Veen and Green ; Pugin et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic reflection surveys in glaciofluvial deposits in Finland

Okkonen

Moisio

2015

Near Surface Geophysics

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Shallow seismic reflection surveys were conducted at five different locations in central Finland during the period of 2008–2011 in order to test the applicability of this method and different seismic energy sources in providing accurate images of the underlying seismic structure and geology in unconfined and confined esker aquifers. The depth of the aquifers varied from 15 m to 140 m. Reflections from the water table and the bedrock were generally detected. In the deepest aquifers, several features of the inner structure were visible. In the shallowest aquifer (15 m thick), seismic detection of the stratigraphic units proved difficult. Analysis of the theoretical travel times and the shallow structure suggested that a higher frequency seismic source might have been needed. In the deeper aquifers, reflections near the bedrock were detected, but information regarding their thicknesses could not be obtained. An unsaturated layer with a thickness of 25 m did not completely attenuate the seismic signal, and reflections from the water table and bedrock (~80 m) could still be obtained. For the amount of explosives and the type of vibrator used in this study, explosives generally produced clearer reflections due to the higher signal‐to‐noise ratio compared with the vibrator source. On the other hand, shot‐to‐shot fluctuations in signal‐to‐noise ratio and source irreproducibility were found to be greater for explosives than for the vibrators. Loose lake sediments above the aquifer inhibited seismic energy transmission to the bedrock. In such situations, the use of explosives is recommended in order to obtain clearer reflections from the subsurface soil boundaries.

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Shallow 3-D seismic reflection surveying: Data acquisition and preliminary processing strategies

Cited by 40 publications

References 28 publications

Mapping of thin sandy aquifers by using high resolution reflection seismics and 2-D electrical tomography

Mapping of thin sandy aquifers by using high resolution reflection seismics and 2-D electrical tomography

The 3D Autojuggie: automating acquisition of 3D near‐surface seismic reflection data

Seismic reflection surveys in glaciofluvial deposits in Finland

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