Shale Oil - The Answer to the Jet Fuel Availability Question

Angello, Leonard; Churchill, Arthur V.; Delaney, Charles L.; Lander, Herbert R.

doi:10.4271/781027

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The cost of JP-4 to the Air Force has risen from slightly more than one-half billion dollars for 112 million barrels in 1973 to the current cost of approximately 1. 6 billion dollars or about six percent of the Air Force annual budget for only 80 million barrels (1). The Air Force is also experiencing increasing difficulty in obtaining the required quantities of turbine fuel because motor gasoline, petrochemicals and plastics are competing at an ever increasing rate with jet fuel for the naphtha fraction of the crude barrel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two other efforts in this series of studies, being conducted by the Detroit Diesel Allison Division of the General Motors Corporation, address fuel property effects on a high pressure can type (TF41) combustor and an advanced (high through flow) full annular combustor. The Army, NASA, DOE, FAA, Navy and other government agencies are also involved with research and technology programs concerned with the efficient fossil fuel production and utilization for aviation (1,4,5,6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fuel Character Effects on J79 and F101 Engine Combustor Emissions

Gleason

Martone

1980

Volume 1A: General

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Results of a program to determine the effects of fuel properties on the pollutant emissions of two US Air Force aircraft gas turbine engines are presented. Thirteen test fuels, including baseline JP-4 and JP-8, were evaluated in a cannular (J79) and a full annular (F101) combustor. The principal fuel variables were hydrogen content, aromatic structure, volatility, and distillation end point. Data analysis shows that fuel hydrogen content is a key fuel property, particularly with respect to high power emissions (oxides of nitrogen and smoke), and that low power emissions (carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons) are more dependent on fuel atomization and evaporation characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Character Effects on J79 and F101 Engine Combustor Emissions

Gleason

Martone

1980

Volume 1A: General

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“…Assess possible modifications to improve sample injection performance. 5. Evaluate the application of the Kovats retention index system to the various gas Chromatographie operational modes, such as isothermal gas chromatography (ITGC) , programmed temperature gas chromatography (PTGC) , and variations thereof, Through the use of time normalization procedures, recommend appropriate GC conditions for obtaining the greatest amount of analytical GC data in a given time for highly complex samples, 6.…”

Section: Research Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of High-Resolution Gas Chromatography as Applied to the Analysis of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Other Complex Organic Mixtures. Volume 1

Rubey¹

1985

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Symmetric elution zone profile 3 Partially disengaged solute zones 4 Block diagram of basic systems approach 5 Three general forms of Chromatographie zone profiles Ig 6 Different combinations of solute zone profiles. 17 7 Rapidly generated chromatogram of a jet fuel. . 8 Chromatogram of a jet fuel obtained with a Pyrex glass open tubular column 9 Gaussian and exponentially modified Gaussian elution zone profiles 10 Series of normal paraffins eluted from a contaminated column 11 Elution behavior after removing contaminated section of column 12 Open tubular column gas chromatograms that exhibit unusual baseline behavior 13 Undesirable quantitative behavior 41 14 Relationship of three-component gas Chromatographie compromises 4 3 15 Relationship of admitted solute versus solute zone variance 44 16 Graphic procedures for measuring solute zone asymmetry 4 6

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“…1 The Air Force is also experiencing increasing difficulty in obtaining the required quantities of turbine fuel because motor gasoline, petrochemicals and plastics are competing at an ever increasing rate with jet fuel for the naphtha fraction of the crude barrel.…”

Section: Apca Note-bookmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 50% or 250,000 barrels/day is used by the U.S. Air Force as JP-4, the primary fuel for USAF turbine powered aircraft for more than 25 years. 1 The specification for this fuel was defined to assure both wide availability and satisfactory performance for general application Air Force missions. During the last decade, the petroleum situation in this country and the world changed drastically; and the Air Force can no longer expect relatively inexpensive and available JP-4.…”

Section: What Can Be Said About Canadian Urban Air Quality?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Future Aviation Jet Fuels

Gleason

Martone²

1979

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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study period at any of the other types of stations. Of course, this table does not indicate whether the absolute values of the component indices are increasing or decreasing, but it does identify the problem pollutants towards which special attention should be paid in the formulation of control programs. Three other pollutants, SO2, CO, and O3, surpass their respective standards less frequently than TSP. Only NO2 is generally well under its standard.A result of the study is that there is consistent agreement between EVI and NAQI. A disparity may arise when pollutants frequently exceed their standards. In this case, one would expect EVI to be considerably greater in value than NAQI because it accumulates excess values rather than taking only the maximum value in excess of the standard. Additionally, NAQI could also be greater than EVI because it includes an additional annual term. It also has an additional subindex for NO2, but the effects of this pollutant are probably negligible in this case.

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Shale Oil - The Answer to the Jet Fuel Availability Question

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Fuel Character Effects on J79 and F101 Engine Combustor Emissions

Fuel Character Effects on J79 and F101 Engine Combustor Emissions

Aspects of High-Resolution Gas Chromatography as Applied to the Analysis of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Other Complex Organic Mixtures. Volume 1

Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Future Aviation Jet Fuels

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