Shale oil denitrogenation with ion exchange. 1. Process concept and modeling

Prudich, M.E.; Cronauer, Donald C.; Vogel, Roger F.; Solash, J.

doi:10.1021/i200034a025

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For example, ionic liquid have already illustrated their potential as alternative solvents and reaction media [2][3][4][5]. Furthermore, ionic liquids have been applied in solvent extraction processes and in gas separations [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Assisted Extraction of Nitrogen and Sulphur-Containing Air Pollutants from Model Oil and Regeneration of the Spent Ionic Liquid

Anugwom¹,

Mäki‐Arvela²,

Salmi³

et al. 2011

JEP

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Removal of air pollutants, such as nitrogen and sulphur containing compounds from a model oil (dodecane) was studied. An ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C<sub>2</sub>mim] [Cl]) was used as an extractant. Liquid-liquid extraction by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C<sub>2</sub>mim] [Cl] was found to be a very promising method for the removal of N- and S-compounds. This was evaluated by using a model oil (dodecane) with indole as a neutral nitrogen compound and pyridine as a basic nitrogen compound. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) was used as a sulphur compound. An extraction capacity of up to 90 wt% was achieved for the model oil containing pyridine, while only 76 wt% of indole in the oil was extracted. The extraction capacity of a model sulphur compound DBT was found to be up to 99 wt%. Regeneration of the spent ionic liquid was carried out with toluene back-extraction. A 1:1 toluene-to-IL wt ratio was performed at room temperature. It was observed that, for the spent ionic liquid containing DBT as a model compound more than 85 wt% (corresponding 3852 mg/kg) could be removed from the oil. After the second regeneration cycle, 86 wt% of the DBT was recovered from the ionic liquid to toluene. In the case of indole as the nitrogen containing species, more than 99 wt%, (corresponding to 2993 mg/kg) of the original indole was transferred from the model oil to the ionic liquid. After the first-regeneration cycle of the spent ionic liquid, 54 wt% of the indole–in-IL was transferred to toluene. Thus, both extractions of nitrogen and sulphur model compounds were successfully carried out from model oil and the back-extraction of these compounds from the ionic liquids to toluene demonstrated the proved the concept of the regeneration point of view

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Assisted Extraction of Nitrogen and Sulphur-Containing Air Pollutants from Model Oil and Regeneration of the Spent Ionic Liquid

Anugwom¹,

Mäki‐Arvela²,

Salmi³

et al. 2011

JEP

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“…As showed in earlier works 1,2 the resin capacity could be however exhausted using highly polar solvents. This is not the case for less polar solvents or organic cations with high molecular weights. − Anyway, it seems clear that the ion exchange equilibrium in nonaqueous media is mainly affected by the solvent polarity, the swelling of the ion exchange beads, and the ion size. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exhange Equilibria in Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvents on the Cationic Exchanger Amberlite IR-120

et al. 2000

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Na + /K + equilibrium ion exchange isotherms on Amberlite IR-120 (known as a strong acid resin) in pure methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, and 1-penthanol and in mixtures of methanol + water, ethanol + water, 2-propanol + water, 1-butanol + methanol, and 1-penthanol + methanol at 313 K have been determined. Experimental equilibrium data have been satisfactorily correlated using the homogeneous mass action law model (LAM). This model assumes nonideal behavior for both the solution and the solid phase. Wilson and Debye-Hu ¨ckel equations have been used to calculate activity coefficients in the solid and liquid phase, respectively. It has been observed that the dielectric constant of the solvent or the mixture exerts a strong influence not only on the useful capacity of the resin but also on the equilibrium behavior of the system.

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“…At present, lots of methods have already been used to remove N-compounds from diesel fuel, such as supercritical fluid extraction, alkali fusion, sulfuric acid washing, ion-exchange resin separation, − clay treatment, and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN). − Though the above methods have already been investigated or approved, there still exist some problems troubling the industry: some processes discharge plenty of polluted water, the removal conditions are difficult to control, or the selectivity for the above-mentioned methods is lower . Compared with the above separation methods, the extraction process is more appropriate due to its simple and mild operating conditions. , After the extraction of N-compounds, the main compositions of the fuel-containing compounds were not changed and the extracted compounds can be reused .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary Systems of N-Methylformamide + Pyrrole/Indole + Alkanes at 298.15 K: Phase Equilibrium Measurement and Correlation

et al. 2019

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For the purpose of separating nitrogen compounds, pyrrole and indole, N-methylformamide (NMF) was selected as the extractive solvent. The liquid−liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for {NMF + pyrrole/ indole + alkanes} systems were measured at 298.15 K under atmospheric pressure of 101.3 kPa. The triangular diagrams of the above eight systems, {NMF + pyrrole/indole + n-hexane/n-heptane/n-decane/n-dodecane}, were classified as Treybal's type I. Meanwhile, the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical (UNIQUAC) activity coefficient models were applied to correlate the LLE data, and the UNIQUAC model shows better agreement than the NRTL model. In addition, the distribution constant and selectivity factor were calculated on the basis of the experimental data and utilized to investigate the extraction capabilities of NMF for pyrrole and indole.

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Shale oil denitrogenation with ion exchange. 1. Process concept and modeling

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Ionic Liquid Assisted Extraction of Nitrogen and Sulphur-Containing Air Pollutants from Model Oil and Regeneration of the Spent Ionic Liquid

Ionic Liquid Assisted Extraction of Nitrogen and Sulphur-Containing Air Pollutants from Model Oil and Regeneration of the Spent Ionic Liquid

Ion Exhange Equilibria in Nonaqueous and Mixed Solvents on the Cationic Exchanger Amberlite IR-120

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium for Ternary Systems of N-Methylformamide + Pyrrole/Indole + Alkanes at 298.15 K: Phase Equilibrium Measurement and Correlation

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