Shade trees and agrochemical use affect butterfly assemblages in coffee home gardens

Campera, Marco; Balestri, Michela; Manson, Sophie; Hedger, Katherine; Ahmad, Nabil; Adinda, Esther; Nijman, Vincent; Budiadi, Budiadi; Imron, Muhammad Ali; Nekaris, K.A.I.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2021.107547

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…This is because coffee agroforestry systems have a higher proportion of insectivores, nectarivores, and frugivores, meaning that ecosystem services such as pollination, natural pest control, and seed dispersal are favoured [ 48 ]. The complexity of the agroforestry system also promotes an increase in ecosystem services, for example, the number of pollinators can also increase in coffee fields with higher complexity in terms of shade tree richness [ 13 ]. A diverse shade also provides key services such as increasing soil quality by nitrogen fixation and increasing litter biomass, protecting from direct sun, attracting pollinators, and increasing habitat connectivity [ 47 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This global commodity has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through agricultural extensification and intensification [ 4 ]. Nevertheless, coffee agroforestry systems have been recognised as an alternative refuge for biodiversity across different regions [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. This is because, traditionally, coffee plants are cultivated under the forest and can maintain high yield with intermediate levels of shade cover [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; however, there are cases when coffee productivity has decreased with increased shade cover [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producer in the world and a global biodiversity hotspot [ 28 , 29 ]. Despite its importance in this industry, the impact of agriculture intensification on biodiversity is still understudied [ 13 ]. Java is the most populated island in Indonesia, with a human population density of around 1000 individuals/km 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While protected areas on Java are small and scattered [ 30 ], wildlife related exploitation for wildlife trade has a profound negative effect on avian [ 33 , 34 ] and mammal [ 35 ] conservation. Agroforestry systems using shade grown coffee can serve an important role in the future of biodiversity conservation on Java [ 13 , 26 , 33 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia

Imron

Campera

Bihad

et al. 2022

Biology

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Deforestation in the tropics is mainly driven by the need to expand agriculture and forestry land. Tropical cropland has also undergone a process of intensification, particularly evident in regions that are the main exporters of deforestation-driven commodities. Around 25 million people in the world depend on coffee production, which has a profound contribution to global biodiversity loss through agricultural extensification and intensification. Nevertheless, coffee agroforestry systems have been postulated to serve as an alternative refuge for biodiversity across different regions. We aim to compare bird abundance, diversity, and richness in commercial polyculture coffee systems (i.e., the highest degree of habitat complexity that can be achieved in coffee fields after deforestation) with other coffee agroforestry systems and human modified habitats in Java, Indonesia. We collected data in 21 sites (1228 points) on Java from February to August 2021 using the point sampling method. Via generalised additive models, we tested whether the abundance, diversity, and richness of birds were different between different human modified habitats including other potential predictors such as elevation, distance to protected areas, shade tree richness, and plant diversity. Using the non-metric multidimensional scaling, we tested whether there was a difference in terms of the composition of foraging guilds between habitats. Commercial polyculture coffee fields can sustain levels of bird abundance, diversity, and richness comparable to agroforestry systems under natural forest, and higher than sun coffee and shaded monoculture coffee, and of other human modified habitats such as crop/fruit fields and tree farms. Coffee agroforestry systems have a higher proportion of nectarivores, insectivores, and frugivores than other systems that can sustain high diversity and richness of birds such as paddy fields that mainly have granivores and carnivores. Complex polycultures can represent an avenue for the future of sustainable agriculture in conditions where deforestation rates are high and in crops such as coffee, which maintain high yield in the presence of diverse shade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia

Imron

Campera

Bihad

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…The agroforestry matrix in the study area supports a high diversity of pollinators and hosts several other key species, such as several threatened species of songbird [54,55]. In addition, local communities banned hunting practices in the area in 2020, although hunting was common in the past, particularly for the pet trade [27,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the Presence of Shade Trees and Distance to the Forest Affect Detection Rates of Terrestrial Vertebrates in Coffee Home Gardens?

Campera

Hedger²,

Birot³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Complex agroforestry systems can host similar biodiversity levels to adjacent continuous forests and can offer important ecosystem services for wildlife. Species inhabiting adjacent forests, as well as species that prefer agroforestry systems, can benefit from this habitat matrix. It is necessary, however, to understand the species-specific adaptability to such a complex matrix. Indonesia is a biodiversity hotspot and hosts many endemic species that are threatened with extinction. Its human population relies heavily on agriculture, meaning that finding a balance between crop productivity and biodiversity is key for the long-term sustainability of local communities and wildlife. We aim to determine the influence of the presence of shade trees and distance to the forest on the detection rates of wildlife in coffee home gardens. In West Java, Indonesia, we monitored 23 gardens between April 2018 and March 2021 via camera traps, totalling 3856 days of monitoring in shade-grown and 3338 days in sun-exposed gardens. We also collected data in the nearby montane rainforest, totalling 1183 days of monitoring. We used Generalized Additive Models to estimate the influence of shade cover and distance to the forest on the detection rates of wildlife. The Sunda leopard cat Prionailurus javanensis was found more frequently in shade-grown gardens and used both the forest and agroforest matrix. Wild boars Sus scrofa mostly occurred in gardens adjacent to the forest, while barred buttonquails Turnix suscitator were associated with gardens far (>1 km) from the forest. Several species (civets Viverricula indica and Paradoxus musangus javanicus, Horsfield’s treeshrew Tupaia javanica, Javan ferret badger Melogale orientalis, Javan mongoose Herpestes javanicus) were not influenced by shade cover and distance to the forest, suggesting they are well adapted to the agroforestry system. Still, species of high conservation importance, such as Javan leopard Panthera pardus melas, Sunda porcupine Hystrix javanica, and grizzled langur Presbytis comata, were present in the forest but not in the agroforest, suggesting that the replacement of the forest by the agroforestry matrix is still detrimental. Nevertheless, it is important to maintain the complexity of the agroforestry system and connectivity with the neighbouring continuous forest to favour the long-term sustainability of this environment and the conservation of endemic species.

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Abundance and richness of invertebrates in shade-grown versus sun-exposed coffee home gardens in Indonesia

et al. 2022

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Complex agroforestry systems are suggested as a possible solution to reduce the effects of deforestation in the tropics while enhancing the livelihoods of local human populations. Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most important commodity crops in the world that can easily be cultivated in complex agroforestry systems. Coffee agroforestry systems usually sustain higher biodiversity levels than sun-exposed fields while keeping similar levels of productivity considering the several benefits of growing coffee under a complex system. We aim to explore the richness and abundance of invertebrates in coffee home gardens in West Java, Indonesia by comparing 14 sun-exposed and 14 shade-grown gardens. We collected data in March/April 2019 via pitfall traps, pan traps, and beating tray in each field. We ran generalised linear models to assess whether the number of species and the number of individuals of insects differed between sun-exposed vs. shade-grown coffee gardens, and tested associations between main taxa. Overall, there was no difference in the richness (sun-exposed: 19.86 ± SE1.19; shade-grown: 19.71 ± SE1.19; Z-value = 0.12, p value = 0.904) and abundance (sun-exposed: 141.93 ± SE 3.18; shade-grown: 139.93 ± SE3.16; Z-value = 0.35, p value = 0.706) of invertebrates in coffee gardens, although taxa specific differences were present. Sun-exposed fields had a higher abundance of invertebrates considered as pests (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae, Ectobiidae; Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Lycidae and Tenebrionidae; Diptera: Anisolabididae, Drosophilidae and Sarcophagidae). Camponotus spp. were the most dominant ants in shade-grown gardens while Dolichoderus spp. and Myrmicaria spp. were more abundant in sun-exposed gardens. Despite the fact that sun-exposed coffee fields registered higher abundance of invertebrate pests than shade-grown coffee fields, the richness of invertebrates did not substantially vary between sun-exposed and shade-grown coffee, suggesting that the matrix of gardens offers advanced ecosystem services. It is important to keep the complexity of agroforestry systems that provide key habitats for biodiversity.

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Shade trees and agrochemical use affect butterfly assemblages in coffee home gardens

Cited by 14 publications

References 71 publications

Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia

Bird Assemblages in Coffee Agroforestry Systems and Other Human Modified Habitats in Indonesia

Does the Presence of Shade Trees and Distance to the Forest Affect Detection Rates of Terrestrial Vertebrates in Coffee Home Gardens?

Abundance and richness of invertebrates in shade-grown versus sun-exposed coffee home gardens in Indonesia

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