Shade nets and substrates in seedling production of Annona squamosa L. in the Roraima Cerrado

Abstract

Sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of the most widely grown member of the Annonaceae family in several regions, but there is still a lack of agronomic data regarding the management of its initial growth stages under Cerrado conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the production of Annona squamosa L. seedlings under different environmental conditions achieved by using shade nets (E1: ChromatiNet® Silver 50%; E2: ChromatiNet® red 50%; E3: ChromatiNet® red 35%; E4: ChromatiNet® Silver 35%) in combination with four different substrates (S1: soil + sand + chicken manure; S2: soil + sand + cattle manure; S3: soil + sand + cattle manure + chicken manure; S4: soil + sand + sheep manure). An experiment was set up using a completely randomized design with treatments in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates and ten plants per experimental unit. Seedling growth parameters and quality indices were evaluated. The tested environments had higher local temperatures relative to the external environment, which had a negative effect on plant growth. Environment E2 resulted in the highest plant height and dry weight, but led to uneven growth among the evaluated plant parts. The substrate with sheep manure (S4) did not benefit seedling production. The best results for seedling growth and quality were obtained with substrates S2 (soil + sand + cattle manure) and S3 (soil + sand + cattle manure + chicken manure), which are therefore promising for Annona squamosa L. seedling production in the Roraima Cerrado.

Condições de cultivo e substratos para produção de mudas de couve-manteiga em clima Tropical

“…Comparing only the environment using photo-converting mesh nets and considering the substrate that had the greatest increase in dry mass (S2), the experiment found that the accumulation of photo assimilates in collard green seedlings was directly associated with the color of the mesh and not with the level of shading. The silver-colored nets (A4 and A5) positively and proportionally influenced the accumulation of aerial and root biomass (Table 4), diverging from the results found by Sakazaki et al (2019) and by Monteiro et al (2022), who observed greater accumulation of ADM in environments with greater shading, and RDM in environments with less shading, regardless of color. Silva et al (2013) studied the growth of tomato seedlings on different nets with 50% shading and found no differences in root mass between the environments.…”

“…Red-colored net meshes (A2 and A3) raised ambient temperature significantly, corroborating findings by Silva et al (2013) in environments utilizing nets of the same color. According to the authors, if the correct temperature management is not applied in these environments, adverse conditions can negatively influence plant production, even in species adapted to tropical conditions, as observed in the production of pine cone seedlings (Sakazaki et al, 2019), tomatoes (Monteiro et al, 2018) and pimenta-decheiro, a Brazilian chili pepper (Monteiro et al, 2022) in the savannah region of Roraima.…”

“…The literature on the use of redcolored photo-converting mesh nets in the production of seedlings of vegetable species, especially collards, remains scarce. However, some studies indicate their use for vegetable production (Stamps, 2009;Henrique et al, 2011;Sakazaki et al, 2019). Nevertheless, the use of this kind of net in tropical climates should be avoided if the microclimate of the production environment is not controlled.…”

Ambience and substrates for the development of pepper seedlings (Capsicum chinense Jacq.)

“…We emphasize that the results obtained here are part of a framework of information compiled about the positive effect of these environments on the development of seedlings of some commercial species, such as: bell pepper -Capsicum annuum (MONTEIRO NETO et al, 2016), tomato -Solanum lycopersicum (MONTEIRO NETO et al, 2018) and ata -Annona squamosa (SAKAZAKI et al, 2019).…”

“…Although the records in the literature on the use of photoconverter screens in the production of seedlings of olerícola species are still scarce, especially to the culture of chili pepper, there are studies (HENRIQUE et al, 2011;SAKAZAKI et al, 2019) that indicate its use for horticultural production.…”