Shade Avoidance and Light Foraging of a Clonal Woody Species, Pachysandra terminalis

Iwabe, Risa; Koyama, Kohei; Komamura, Riko

doi:10.3390/plants10040809

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…The structure of a shoot, including size variation and arrangement of leaves, determines the light-harvesting efficiency of plants ( Givnish, 1984 ; Valladares and Brites, 2004 ; Pearcy et al , 2005 ; Smith et al , 2017 ; Olson et al , 2018 ; Koyama et al , 2020 ; Iwabe et al , 2021 ). If a shoot is to minimize the cost of current light harvesting, the optimal solution derived by Givnish (1982) is to have a single large leaf with no investment in the stem (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots

Koyama

Smith

2022

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims An individual plant consists of different-sized shoots, each of which consists of different-sized leaves. To predict plant-level physiological responses from the responses of individual leaves, modeling this within-shoot leaf size variations is necessary. Within-plant leaf trait variation has been well investigated in canopy photosynthesis models but not so well in plant allometry. Therefore, integration of these two different approaches is needed. Methods We focused on an established leaf-level relationship that the area of an individual leaf lamina is proportional to the product of its length and width. The geometric interpretation of this equation is that different-sized leaf laminas from a single species share the same basic form. Based on this shared basic form, we synthesized a new length-times-width equation predicting total shoot leaf area from the collective dimensions of leaves that comprise a shoot. Furthermore, we showed that several previously established empirical relations, including the allometric relationships between total shoot leaf area, maximum individual leaf length within the shoot, and total leaf number of the shoot, can be unified under the same geometric argument. We tested the model predictions using five species, all of which have simple leaves, selected from diverse taxa (Magnoliids, Monocots, and Eudicots) and from different growth forms (trees, erect herbs and rosette herbs). Key Results For all five species, the length-times-width equation explained within-species variation of total leaf area of a shoot with high accuracy (R 2 > 0.994). These strong relationships existed despite leaf dimensions scaling very differently between species. We also found good support for all derived predictions from the model (R 2 > 0.85). Conclusions Our model can be incorporated to improve previous models of allometry that do not consider within-shoot size variation of individual leaves, providing a cross-scale linkage between individual leaf-size variation and shoot-size variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots

Koyama

Smith

2022

Annals of Botany

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“…Beyond its bioenergetic role, photic exposure exerts a direct influence on morphological development, governing the leaf movements and density of branching, the morphology and anatomy of foliage, and the chronobiology of anthesis. Diverse photic parameters, including spectral composition, photon flux density, and photoperiodicity, intersect to form a delicate and precise regulatory matrix [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Light Signals Regulate Growth and Development in Woody Plants

Bao,

Liu,

Feng

et al. 2024

Forests

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This review synthesizes the current understanding on the dynamic influence of light on the developmental morphology of woody plants. It explores the regulatory effects of photosynthesis and photomorphogenesis in response to varying light conditions including intensity, quality, and photoperiodicity, and their subsequent impact on plant growth and architecture. Additionally, this review elucidates the role of the circadian system in synchronizing internal rhythms with external light cycles, a process mediated by photoreceptors such as PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) and PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB), which are pivotal for seasonal growth and dormancy in species like poplar. The molecular perspective is provided on the light-regulated transcription of genes, along with their influence on the plant’s growth cycles and seasonal adaptions. Furthermore, the interactive role of plant hormones, including auxin, ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA), is explored in the context of light signal transduction and its subsequent effect on plant physiology. By providing a comprehensive view of the light-dependent mechanisms that govern woody plant growth, this review contributes to our understanding of plant adaptation strategies and informs approaches to enhance forestry production and biodiversity conservation in the face of climate change.

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“…Plants perceive low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) as an early signal of neighbor competition through phytochrome photoreceptors, which in turn induces the shade-avoidance responses (SAR) [8,9]. Generally, a SAR involves the elongation of internodes, reduction in branches, or decrease in leaf number, chlorophyll a/b ratio, or photosynthetic rate that leads to the reallocation of assimilates to stem elongation instead of root and leaf growth, and therefore causes significant decrease in yield [10][11][12][13][14]. These responses are regulated by phytochromes (Phy A-E) [15], which sense decreases in the red/far-red ratio in dense populations and initiate the SAR [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monoseeding Increases Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield by Regulating Shade-Avoidance Responses and Population Density

Chen

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2021

Plants

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We aimed to elucidate the possible yield-increasing mechanisms through regulation of shade-avoidance responses at both physiological and molecular levels under monoseeding. Our results revealed that monoseeding decreased the main stem height but increased the main stem diameter and the number of branches and nodes compared to the traditional double- and triple-seeding patterns. The chlorophyll contents were higher under monoseeding than that under double- and triple-seeding. Further analysis showed that this, in turn, increased the net photosynthetic rate and reallocated higher levels of assimilates to organs. Monoseeding induced the expression patterns of Phytochrome B (Phy B) gene but decreased the expression levels of Phytochrome A (Phy A) gene. Furthermore, the bHLH transcription factors (PIF 1 and PIF 4) that interact with the phytochromes were also decreased under monoseeding. The changes in the expression levels of these genes may regulate the shade-avoidance responses under monoseeding. In addition, monoseeding increased pod yield at the same population density through increasing the number of pods per plant and 100-pod weight than double- and triple-seeding patterns. Thus, we inferred that monoseeding is involved in the regulation of shade-avoidance responsive genes and reallocating assimilates at the same population density, which in turn increased the pod yield.

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Shade Avoidance and Light Foraging of a Clonal Woody Species, Pachysandra terminalis

Cited by 9 publications

References 88 publications

Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots

Scaling the leaf length-times-width equation to predict total leaf area of shoots

Light and Light Signals Regulate Growth and Development in Woody Plants

Monoseeding Increases Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Yield by Regulating Shade-Avoidance Responses and Population Density

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