SF-MAC: A Spatially Fair MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Liao, Wen-Hwa; Huang, Ching‐Wen

doi:10.1109/jsen.2011.2177083

Cited by 80 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Equation (14) deals with flow conservation at sojourn location of the courier node. Equation (15) shows flow conservation between any courier node and sink, where is the location of sink. Equations (16) and (17) ensure the presence of courier nodes in the vicinity of sensor nodes and sink, respectively, where "1" shows the presence and "0" shows the absence of courier node(s).…”

Section: Aggregate Traffic Model For Mobile Courier Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Javaid

Jafri

Khan

et al. 2014

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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We propose forwarding-function ( ) based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs): improved adaptive mobility of courier nodes in threshold-optimized depth-based-routing (iAMCTD). Unlike existing depth-based acoustic protocols, the proposed protocol exploits network density for time-critical applications. In order to tackle flooding, path loss, and propagation latency, we calculate optimal holding time ( ) and use routing metrics: localization-free signal-to-noise ratio (LSNR), signal quality index (SQI), energy cost function (ECF), and depth-dependent function (DDF). Our proposal provides on-demand routing by formulating hard threshold ( th ), soft threshold ( th ), and prime energy limit ( prime ). Simulation results verify effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed iAMCTD. BackgroundUnderwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), as a subclass of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), are specifically used for monitoring purposes in aqueous environment. The acoustic wireless sensors along with sink(s), distributed under water, constitute the basic body of UASN, where acoustic sensors gather the information of interest and then following a routing strategy forward these data to the end station. WHOI Micro-Modem [1] and Crossbow Mica2 [2] are among the commercially available sensors for underwater environments. Sink is generally supposed to have no power constraint, whereas the acoustic sensors are equipped with limited battery power. These networks provide diversified range of applications like pollution monitoring, ocean current detection, submarine discovery, deep sea explorations, and seabed management.Due to the nature of aqueous environment, improving energy efficiency at routing layer is a challenging task. Moreover, as there are major differences between terrestrial and underwater conditions, hence the basic concepts of terrestrial routing can not be implemented in UWSNs. To tackle these problems, researchers exercise the role of low speed acoustic signals for aqueous communication and sea navigation systems, leading to high propagation delay and transmission losses. High shipping activity, thermal noise, and turbulent noise also increase the error rate. Authors in [3] design the underwater acoustic channel to descriptively analyze the total noise density and path loss. On the other hand [4], it investigates diverse routing architectures for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional UWSNs. Fundamental analyses of aqueous conditions show that reactive routing is more challenging than the proactive one. Battery replacement and efficient routing are among the solutions to overcome the

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Section: Aggregate Traffic Model For Mobile Courier Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Javaid

Jafri

Khan

et al. 2014

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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“…We compared the performance of SC-MAC protocol with that of SF-MAC [25] and T-Lohi [10] protocols. We use three metrics to evaluate the performance of different MAC protocols, namely, network throughput, successful delivery ratio and energy consumption.…”

Section: Simulation Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a Secure Medium Access Control Protocol for Cluster-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Liu

Guan

2015

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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The unique characteristics of high bit error rate, low bandwidth, and long propagation delay in underwater environments pose significant challenges to the design of the medium access control (MAC) protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). Clustering is an effective and practical way to enhance the performance of UWSNs. In this paper, we propose a secure MAC protocol for cluster-based UWSNs, called SC-MAC, which aims to ensure the security of data transmission. In SC-MAC, the clusters are formed and updated dynamically and securely. We leverage MAC layer information by considering the link quality as well as residual energy of the modem's battery. After the successful mutual authentication, all sensor nodes from different clusters can protect the data transmission in the continuous communication. As the states of sensor nodes may not be observed accurately in a harsh underwater environment, we formulate the channel scheduling process as a stochastic partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) multiarmed bandit problem and derive the optimal channel scheduling rules hereby. Simulation results show that SC-MAC can perform better than existing state-of-the-art MAC protocols in terms of network throughput, successful delivery ratio, and energy consumption in various circumstances.

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“…Compared with the fixed allocation mechanism, the handshake mechanism has many advantages such as alleviating node-hidden problems, carrying much information and reducing the collision between small controlling packets. On the other hand, UWAN may be affected by the uncertain space and time due to the high latency environment [3]. Traditional handshake mechanism often used three-way RTS/CTS/DATA, which resulted in the delay, and then low channel utilization [4].…”

Section: Uwanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new MAC protocol of UASN (RABIC-MAC) based on high efficiency, concurrent and bidirection

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Peng³

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Applied Science and Engineering Innovation

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Studies on MAC protocols of the Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN) are very important due to wide application area and great application potential of UASN. In this paper, a new concurrent bidirectional MAC protocol based on receiver self-adaption (RABIC-MAC) is proposed to improve the data transmission efficiency and reduce the overhead. Then the throughput and the End-to-End delay are calculated, and then compared with the BIC protocol. Results show that the saturated throughput is larger 16.7 % and 33.0 % for 4200 and 6125 m, respectively, than the BIC. The saturated End-to-End delay is larger 13.0 % and 20.0 % for 4200 and 6125 m, respectively, than the BIC. Therefore, the RABIC-MAC evidently improves performances of UASN.

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SF-MAC: A Spatially Fair MAC Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Cited by 80 publications

References 12 publications

iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

iAMCTD: Improved Adaptive Mobility of Courier Nodes in Threshold-Optimized DBR Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Towards a Secure Medium Access Control Protocol for Cluster-Based Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

A new MAC protocol of UASN (RABIC-MAC) based on high efficiency, concurrent and bidirection

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