Sexually transmitted diseases in children: non viral including bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerella vaginalis, mycoplasmas, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, scabies and pubic lice.

Robinson, Angela; Ridgway, G.L.

doi:10.1136/sti.70.3.208

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The AAP does not make it clear why this distinction is made, when Trichomonas vaginalis is an unequivocal STI in the adult population. It is likely that the Committee was influenced by the sheer paucity of literature on that organism in children 38 . In contrast, with HPV there is a wide body of literature raising the possibility of non‐sexual transmission, and with HSV there may arise the possibility of auto‐inoculation or innocent transfer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted infections in alleged sexual abuse of children and adolescents

Kelly¹,

Koh

2006

J Paediatrics Child Health

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted infections in alleged sexual abuse of children and adolescents

Kelly¹,

Koh

2006

J Paediatrics Child Health

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“…2005; Larsson and Forsum 2005). Nevertheless, some of the changes in the vaginal microbiota are predictable because the composition of this dynamic bacterial community is influenced by levels of circulating oestrogens (Robinson and Ridgway 1994; Macsween and Ridgway 1998; Brabin et al. 2005).…”

Section: The ‘Incompetent’ Vaginal Lactobacilli Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, the vagina of a newborn child resembles an adult vagina both morphologically and microbiologically. Aside from the observable physical characteristics, the vaginal mucosa of a newborn is relatively thick, with glycogen being secreted in abundance by epithelial cells (Spiegel 1991; Robinson and Ridgway 1994; Brabin et al. 2005; Farage and Maibach 2006).…”

Section: The ‘Incompetent’ Vaginal Lactobacilli Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005; Farage and Maibach 2006). Within the first 24 h of its life, the vagina of a child is normally colonized by lactobacilli (Robinson and Ridgway 1994; Farage and Maibach 2006). These facultative lactobacilli dominate the vaginal microbiota of the child until the maternal oestrogens are metabolized.…”

Section: The ‘Incompetent’ Vaginal Lactobacilli Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this stage of development, Staphylococcus epidermidis , E. coli and various Enterococci are among the most frequently identified aerobic micro‐organisms in a child’s vaginal microbiota (Hammerschlag et al. 1978b; Robinson and Ridgway 1994; Myhre et al. 2002).…”

Section: The ‘Incompetent’ Vaginal Lactobacilli Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis

Turovskiy

Noll

Chikindas

2011

Journal of Applied Microbiology

207

160

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Summary Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection among women of childbearing age. This condition is notorious for causing severe complications related to the reproductive health of women. Five decades of intense research established many risk factors for acquisition of BV; however, because of the complexity of BV and lack of a reliable animal model for this condition, its exact aetiology remains elusive. In this manuscript, we use a historical perspective to critically review the development of major theories on the aetiology of BV, ultimately implicating BV‐related pathogens, healthy vaginal microbiota, bacteriophages and the immune response of the host. None of these theories on their own can reliably explain the epidemiological data. Instead, BV is caused by a complex interaction of multiple factors, which include the numerous components of the vaginal microbial ecosystem and their human host. Many of these factors are yet to be characterized because a clear understanding of their relative contribution to the aetiology of BV is pivotal to the formulation of an effective treatment for and prophylaxis of this condition.

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Prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis in Prepubertal Males

Wahl

Castilla²,

Lewis-Abney³

1998

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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To determine the rate of occurrence of Gardnerella vaginalis in the genital tract and rectum of the asymptomatic prepubertal boy and to examine the effect of circumcision on the rate of recovery. Design: A prospective survey design was used. Cultures for G vaginalis were obtained from the urethral meatus, surrounding glans, and rectum of prepubertal boys. Boys who had a history of sexual abuse, current urogenital symptoms, or who had taken antibiotics in the preceding 2 weeks were excluded from this study. Setting: The study was conducted in ambulatory clinical settings at a children's hospital within a major medical center that serves as a statewide referral center. Participants: A group of 99 circumcised and uncircumcised prepubertal boys participated in the study. The participants ranged in age from 1 month to 7 years 4 months. Main Outcome Measure: Results of cultures for G vaginalis. Results: No cultures were positive for G vaginalis from the urethra, glans, or rectum in any of the participants in this study. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence that G vaginalis is not an organism that commonly colonizes the urogenital or gastrointestinal tract in asymptomatic prepubertal boys. Based on these findings, it does not seem prudent to apply the concept of asymptomatic colonization to prepubertal boys unless further studies refute these findings.

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Sexually transmitted diseases in children: non viral including bacterial vaginosis, Gardnerella vaginalis, mycoplasmas, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida albicans, scabies and pubic lice.

Cited by 8 publications

References 72 publications

Sexually transmitted infections in alleged sexual abuse of children and adolescents

Sexually transmitted infections in alleged sexual abuse of children and adolescents

The aetiology of bacterial vaginosis

Prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis in Prepubertal Males

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