Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Abstract

Female infertility, including tubal factor infertility, is a major public health concern worldwide. Most cases of tubal factor infertility are attributable to untreated sexually transmitted diseases that ascend along the reproductive tract and are capable of causing tubal inflammation, damage, and scarring. Evidence has consistently demonstrated the effects of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae as pathogenic bacteria involved in reproductive tract morbidities including tubal factor infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease. There is limited evidence in the medical literature that other sexually transmitted organisms, including Mycoplasma genitalium, Trichomonas vaginalis, and other microorganisms within the vaginal microbiome may be important factors involved in the pathology of infertility. Further investigation into the vaginal microbiome and other potential pathogens is necessary in order to identify preventable causes of tubal factor infertility. Improved clinical screening and prevention of ascending infection may provide a solution to the persistent burden of infertility.

Vitamin D deficiency in an Italian cohort of infertile women

“…Although infertility among women is a multifactorial condition and might be attributed to various causes, including genetic, autoimmune, and non‐autoimmune factors, in 50% of cases, the clear etiology is unknown . However, among conditions of infertility in which the etiology resulted not clear, an increased frequency of abnormalities in immune system has been reported repeatedly .…”

“…Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined by the occurrence of two or more consecutive failed pregnancies . The causes of female infertility are different and include genetic and anatomic abnormalities as well as endocrine and autoimmune disorders (ADs) . However, unexplained etiology for female infertility accounts for almost 50% of the infertile conditions .…”

Priorities in health care for women in India

“…7 A study by Thomas et al (pages 58-65) assessed the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin in couples who were undergoing gonadotropin-stimulated intrauterine insemination. 7 A study by Thomas et al (pages 58-65) assessed the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin in couples who were undergoing gonadotropin-stimulated intrauterine insemination.…”

“…Female infertility, including tubal factor infertility, is a major public health concern worldwide and is thought to be particularly highly prevalent in lowand middle-income countries with a high burden of sexually transmitted ª 2019 Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists infections. 7 A study by Thomas et al (pages 58-65) assessed the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin in couples who were undergoing gonadotropin-stimulated intrauterine insemination. The underlying or associated conditions in this group of women were considered to include endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome.…”

Infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis, obstrução tubária e polimorfismo genético no códon 54 do gene que codifica a lectina ligadora de manose (MBL) em mulheres brasileiras

“…Após um único episódio de DIP, 11-15% das mulheres tem suas tubas obstruídas e, a cada nova infecção, a taxa de infertilidade aproximadamente dobra. Além da infecção pela CT, outras bactérias também potencialmente podem causar dano tubário; entre elas destacam-se: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium e Trichomonas vaginalis62 .No presente estudo, a causa investigada de obstrução tubária foi a infecção prévia pela CT. Outras bactérias não foram pesquisadas e pacientes com evidência de tubas aderidas à histerossalpingografia, como sequela de endometriose e cirurgia pélvica, não foram inclusas. Sendo assim, a prevalência encontrada de mulheres que tiveram infecção pelaChlamydia trachomatis foi de 23,3% na amostra coletada de 150 mulheres.…”