Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV-1 infection among homosexual men in England and Wales.

Abstract

weeks' gestation had raised death rates from noncardiovascular causes, reflected in higher rates from all causes combined. This was unexpected and requires confirmation by continued follow up and other studies now in progress. The babies born after term had larger head size, which was also associated with higher rates of disease other than cardiovascular disease.In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that reduced fetal growth is followed by higher death rates from cardiovascular disease in adult life. Bodily proportions at birth suggest that the growth reduction began early in gestation. We suggest that this is further evidence that cardiovascular disease originates through programming in fetal life and infancy. Matemal nutrition may be an important influence on programming.We are grateful to Mr D R Millar, consultant obstetrician; Mrs Bullas and the staff of the medical records department at the Jessop Hospital for Women who preserved the records and allowed us to use them; and to the staff at NHS central registry and OPCS who traced the men. The study was supported by a grant from the Wellcome Trust.

Hepatitis B virus infection in patients attending a genitourinary medicine clinic: risk factors and vaccine coverage

“…3 The number of laboratory reports of HBV infections in the United Kingdom, from all causes, has fallen since 1985 although the number in homosexual men may have increased recently. 5 In the United Kingdom, the strategy for the control of sexually transmitted HBV infection is to immunise those who change sexual partner frequently although this is not further defined. 1 Its eVectiveness is unproved.…”

A case control study of HIV seroconversion in gay men, 1988-1993: what are the current risk factors?

“…In multivariate analysis adjusted odds ratios (table 4), show that an acute interval STD, inconsistent condom use, and history of sex with a known HIV antibody positive partner were all associated with increased seroconversion, after controlling for each other and for age, (included to correct for imprecise matching). Type of ano-genital intercourse practised was not significant, after controlling for the others as this relationship was confounded by condom use.…”

Gonococcal infection in Edinburgh and Newcastle: serovar prevalence in relation to clinical features and sexual orientation.

“…5 Over the past decade the incidence of gonorrhoea has fallen dramatically in many parts of the Western world'4 although there has recently been an increase reported in England and Wales. 15 No such increase has thus far occurred in Edinburgh, with the exception of an unsustained rise in homosexually acquired gonorrhoea,'6 but the observed decline in the incidence of gonorrhoea has plateaued (unpublished data). Widespread media campaigns directed at preventing HIV infection over the same time period would therefore appear to have affected sexual behaviour as measured by the incidence of other sexually acquired infections although this effect is of short duration.…”