Sexually transmitted coinfections. HIV coinfections

Marschalkó, Márta; Pónyai, Katinka; Kárpáti, Sarolta

doi:10.1556/oh.2015.30076

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Studies show that having a sexually transmitted infection (STI) increases the risks for transmission and acquisition of HIV [ 248 , 249 ], but whether HIV-infected individuals on HAART with well-controlled HIV infection are at greater risk for STIs is less clear [ 250 , 251 ]. Several studies reported high rates of STIs amongst adolescents and young adults behaviourally infected with HIV [ 252 – 256 ], but there are fewer studies amongst PHIV+.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical and psychological effects of HIV infection and its treatment on perinatally HIV‐infected children

Vreeman

Scanlon

McHenry

et al. 2015

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionAs highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) transforms human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into a manageable chronic disease, new challenges are emerging in treating children born with HIV, including a number of risks to their physical and psychological health due to HIV infection and its lifelong treatment.MethodsWe conducted a literature review to evaluate the evidence on the physical and psychological effects of perinatal HIV (PHIV+) infection and its treatment in the era of HAART, including major chronic comorbidities.Results and discussionPerinatally infected children face concerning levels of treatment failure and drug resistance, which may hamper their long-term treatment and result in more significant comorbidities. Physical complications from PHIV+ infection and treatment potentially affect all major organ systems. Although treatment with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy has reduced incidence of severe neurocognitive diseases like HIV encephalopathy, perinatally infected children may experience less severe neurocognitive complications related to HIV disease and ARV neurotoxicity. Major metabolic complications include dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, complications that are associated with both HIV infection and several ARV agents and may significantly affect cardiovascular disease risk with age. Bone abnormalities, particularly amongst children treated with tenofovir, are a concern for perinatally infected children who may be at higher risk for bone fractures and osteoporosis. In many studies, rates of anaemia are significantly higher for HIV-infected children. Renal failure is a significant complication and cause of death amongst perinatally infected children, while new data on sexual and reproductive health suggest that sexually transmitted infections and birth complications may be additional concerns for perinatally infected children in adolescence. Finally, perinatally infected children may face psychological challenges, including higher rates of mental health and behavioural disorders. Existing studies have significant methodological limitations, including small sample sizes, inappropriate control groups and heterogeneous definitions, to name a few.ConclusionsSuccess in treating perinatally HIV-infected children and better understanding of the physical and psychological implications of lifelong HIV infection require that we address a new set of challenges for children. A better understanding of these challenges will guide care providers, researchers and policymakers towards more effective HIV care management for perinatally infected children and their transition to adulthood.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical and psychological effects of HIV infection and its treatment on perinatally HIV‐infected children

Vreeman

Scanlon

McHenry

et al. 2015

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…They reported significant associations between HIV infection and urethritis (OR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.1 - 8.6), chlamydia (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1), vulvovaginal candidiasis (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.4) and gonorrhoea (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2 - 2.7). A study by Marschalko et al reported that co-infection (such as HIV and hepatitis B virus, HIV and hepatitis C virus, HIV and syphilis, HIV and gonorrhoea, HIV and chlamydia coinfections) was more frequent in HIV infected patients than in the normal population (19). Chow et al conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published between years 2004 and 2011.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Hashemi-Shahri

Sharifi-Mood

Kouhpayeh

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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BackgroundStudies show that nearly 40 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) around the world and since the beginning of the epidemic, about 35 million have died from AIDS. Heterosexual intercourse is the most common route for transmission of HIV infection (85%). People with a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as syphilis, genital herpes, chancroid, or bacterial vaginosis, are more likely to obtain HIV infection during sex. On the other hand, a patient with HIV can acquire other infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also STIs. Co-infections and co-morbidities can affect the treatment route of patients with HIV/AIDs. Sometimes, physicians should treat these infections before treating the HIV infection. Therefore, it is important to identify co-infection or comorbidity in patients with HIV/AIDS.ObjectivesThis study was conducted in order to understand the prevalence of HIV/AIDS/STI co-infection.Patients and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we evaluated all HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to the infectious wards of Boo-Ali hospital (Southeastern Iran) between March 2000 and January 2015. All HIV/AIDS patients were studied for sexually transmitted infections (STI) such as syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and genital herpes. A questionnaire including data on age, sex, job, history of vaccination against HBV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), HCV-Ab, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) test, and urine culture was designed. Data was analyzed by the Chi square test and P values of < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsAmong the 41 patients with HIV/AIDS (11 females and 30 males; with age range of 18 to 69 years) five cases (12.1%) had a positive test (1:8 or more) for VDRL. The FTA-Abs was positive for all patients who were positive for VDRL. Gonorrhea was found in seven patients (17%) and three cases had genital herpes in clinical examinations. All patients who had positive test results for these STIs were male. Eleven patients (26.8%) had HBV infection (three females and eight males). hepatitis C virus (HCV) was found in 13 cases (31%). Eighty percent of patients were unemployed. Seventy-eight percent of patients with HIV/STI were aged between 18 and 38 years. There was a significant difference between sex and becoming infected with HIV and also STI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with HIV/AIDS are more likely to acquire other STIs, because the same behaviors that increase the risk of becoming HIV infected can also increase the risk of acquiring STIs. Having a sore on the skin due to an STI can make the transmission of HIV to the sex partner more likely than people who don’t have such sore in their genital area.

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“…Furthermore, other STIs cause significant health problems to the population. 2 In Mexico, STIs are one of the top five diseases on demand for medical care and are among the top ten causes of general morbidity in the group of 15-44 years old individuals, with an average of 220 000 cases annually. 3 Although there are some STI studies in Mexico, 4,5 the frequency of STIs is not well known.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted pathogens, coinfections and risk factors in patients attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Jalisco, Mexico

Casillas-Vega

Morfín‐Otero

García

et al. 2016

SALUD PÚBLICA DE MÉXICO

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Objective. To determine the frequency of nine sexually transmitted pathogens, coinfections and risk factors in patients attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Jalisco, Mexico. Materials and methods. Samples from 662 patients attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics were analyzed. Treponema pallidum, HIV, and HCV were detected by serology. HPV was detected by Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and its genotype was determined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Trichomonas vaginalis, HSV-1, HSV-2, Mycoplasma genitalium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and T. pallidum were detected by multiplex PCR. Results. By serology, HIV frequency was 6.8%, T. pallidum was 2.26%, and HCV was 0.15%. By PCR, HPV frequency was 13.9%, (more frequent genotype was 16, 33.7%), followed by T. vaginalis (14.2%), HSV-1 (8.5%), M. genitalium (2,41%), N. gonorrhoeae (2.11%), HSV-2 (1.8%), and T. pallidum (1.05%). Patients

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Sexually transmitted coinfections. HIV coinfections

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

The physical and psychological effects of HIV infection and its treatment on perinatally HIV‐infected children

The physical and psychological effects of HIV infection and its treatment on perinatally HIV‐infected children

Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Sexually transmitted pathogens, coinfections and risk factors in patients attending obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Jalisco, Mexico

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