Sexuality and gender in school-based sex education in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland in the 1970s and 1980s

Lišková, Kateřina; Jarska, Natalia; Szegedi, Gábor

doi:10.1080/1081602x.2019.1679219

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Their critical stance against abortion and contraceptives that covered a spectrum between hardline and more moderate arguments was informed not only by religious doctrines but also by the power struggle between the Church and the state. Lišková et al (2019) furthermore highlight that during the 1970s and 1980s the Catholic Church gained considerable power and influence in Poland. They show how Catholic bishops managed to withdraw a progressive sex education school textbook and succeeded in including Catholic sexual morality in the Polish school sex education program.…”

Section: Reexamining the Role Of The Church In Reproductive Politics mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Parallel discourses in the East and the West suggest the trans-systemic dissemination of ideas around demography and sex education via professional exchanges and international actors. Lišková et al (2019) underline this point by showing that conferences and exchanges between Polish, Czechoslovakian and Hungarian sex education experts promoted the cross-national spread of ideas related to sex education. They present how UN-organized seminars in Finland and Czechoslovakia in the early 1970s fostered ideas such as a greater tolerance for non-procreative sexual behavior and the need for family planning, including birth control, in order to prepare young adults for marital and parental responsibility.…”

Section: The Global Cold War Context Of Reproductive Politics and Sexmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While in the 1950s welfare policies intended to facilitate women's employment, from the 1960s on their goal was to increase deserving women's fertility. In the field of sex education Lišková et al (2019) point to a similar change analyzing debates around the introduction of school-based sex education in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary. They argue that while in the 1960s discourse emphasized the sameness of men and women, and the importance of providing the same information on sexuality and reproduction to boys and girls, discussion changed following the introduction of sex education in these three countries in the early 1970s.…”

Section: Gendered and Intersectional Perspectives On Reproductive Polmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The six articles in this special issue engage with these topics with attention to the globalized character of Cold War population politics. In their article 'Sexuality and gender in school-based sex education in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland in the 1970s and 1980s ' Lišková et al (2019) provide a unique comparative analysis of sex education in these three neighboring countries. Besides spelling out important differences the authors highlight the way these state socialist countries came to adapt very similar measures related to sex education, and ask the question if these similarities crystallized into a specific model of socialist sex education.…”

Section: A Short Summary Of the Articles And Possibilities For Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

‘New eugenics,’ gender and sexuality: a global perspective on reproductive politics and sex education in Cold War Europe

Varsa

Szikra

2020

The History of the Family

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The article addresses reproductive politics and sex education in Cold War Europe in light of novel historical research. Integrating sex education into reproductive politics it delineates four hitherto little discussed conceptual and topical areas in the field, and points to possibilities for further research. Most importantly, the article places the globalized character of post-World War II reproductive politics at the center of historical investigation. It sheds light on the position of (state socialist) Europe in the global processes that shaped fertility-and sexuality-related discourses, policies and practices during the Cold War, and the role of transnational agencies. Secondly, the article highlights the postwar persistence of eugenic thought in reproductive politics, still largely missing especially from the historiography of state socialist countries. It points to the ways in which "new eugenics" is related to its earlier manifestations in Europe as well as how it adapted to state socialist contexts. Third, the article discusses the important contribution of gender and intersectional scholarship on the history of sex education and reproductive politics in Europe to the social and welfare history of the region. Finally, the article pays specific attention to the role of the Catholic Church in the former "Eastern bloc." It underlines how reproductive issues enabled the Church to affect politics and engage with the state in heterogeneous ways beyond opposition. The article suggests that further historical analysis could importantly contribute to a better understanding of the present rise of populist right-wing discussion focused on the demise of the traditional family and the fall of birth rates.

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Section: Reexamining the Role Of The Church In Reproductive Politics mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: The Global Cold War Context Of Reproductive Politics and Sexmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Gendered and Intersectional Perspectives On Reproductive Polmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: A Short Summary Of the Articles And Possibilities For Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

‘New eugenics,’ gender and sexuality: a global perspective on reproductive politics and sex education in Cold War Europe

Varsa

Szikra

2020

The History of the Family

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“…Similar trends can be observed in Ukraine, where actually the absence of a feminist movement and changes in the roles of various sexes are not the basic reasons for gender imbalance. Gender education in Poland was built on religious beliefs (Catholicism) during the socialist period, which determined the gender specificity in this country (Lišková et al, 2020). Educational programs affect a person's gender identity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender issue in modern education: Theory and practice

Stepanenko¹

2021

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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So far, gender inequality in education has been considered in the context of inequality in women’s access to technical specialties, the impact of education on the fertility rate and wages of women, the impact of religious, cultural, social-economic values on women’s education level. However, this concept does little to explain the gender imbalance and low quality of human capital in an environment where women have the opportunity to be educated in any field of knowledge through a feminization in the European countries. The research methodology is based on the correlation analysis of indicators of gender equality in education in Germany, France, Poland, and Ukraine for 1991-2018. The purpose of the study is to identify the trends and dynamics of gender changes in education, the level of gender inequality and establish the causes and effects of gender asymmetry in some European countries. To evaluate gender equality in education, we used the Gender Parity Index. The results of correlation analysis prove the presence of a direct connection between the level of fertility and the Gender Parity Index in the field of primary and higher education, while in the field of secondary education-reverse. Such tendencies are inherent in almost all countries of Europe. The analysis of indicators characterizing the level of education of women within the Eurozone countries shows the decisive role of the structure of the economy and the needs of the labor market in specialists with digital skills and mental abilities. The structure of the economy and the efficiency of various sectors ensure the reduction of gender inequality in education, contributing to overall economic growth and GDP per capita. Political institutions and national policies indirectly influence gender inequality in education by regulating the development of sectors of the economy with different levels of female employment. The proposed paradigm of gender inequality is based on the crucial role of skills, competencies, and abilities regardless of gender. The gender imbalance has been overcome in countries with a high level of women’s competence. Competence is a new paradigm in overcoming gender inequality.

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The Myth of Gender Equality? Older Women’s Narratives on Sexuality Under State Socialism

Gore-Gorszewska,

Štulhofer

2024

Sexuality & Culture

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This article explores female sexuality during state-socialist rule in Croatia and Poland. Using life-course framework and qualitative data from individual interviews with 35 women aged 65–93, we investigate a complex interplay of socialist puritanism, officially proclaimed gender equality, and a patriarchal cultural tradition based on a restrictive religious morality, and the role it played in women’s perception of sexuality, sexual expression, and pleasure. In the private sphere, the process of socialist modernization (and its gender egalitarian ideology) was frequently neutralized by the post-World War II austerity and conservative family socialization—with long-term consequences for female sexuality. The current study is a contribution to the literature on social regulation of sexuality in Communist Europe during the second half of the twentieth century.

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Sexuality and gender in school-based sex education in Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Poland in the 1970s and 1980s

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

‘New eugenics,’ gender and sexuality: a global perspective on reproductive politics and sex education in Cold War Europe

‘New eugenics,’ gender and sexuality: a global perspective on reproductive politics and sex education in Cold War Europe

Gender issue in modern education: Theory and practice

The Myth of Gender Equality? Older Women’s Narratives on Sexuality Under State Socialism

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