Sexual Violence, Condom Negotiation, and Condom Use in the Context of Sex Work

Wirtz, Andrea L.; Schwartz, Sheree; Ketende, Sosthenes; Anato, Simplice; Nadedjo, Felicity D.; Ouédraogo, Henri Gautier; Ky-Zerbo, Odette; Pitché, Vincent Palokinam; Grosso, Ashley; Papworth, Erin; Baral, Stefan

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000451

Cited by 71 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Physical and sexual gender-based violence (GBV), that is, violence perpetrated based on sex, gender identity or perceived adherence to socially defined gender norms,3 is an important structural driver of FSWs' HIV risk behaviour and infection in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere 4–7. While regional data are limited, GBV appears to be a persistent and significant threat to FSWs,4 7 8 affecting approximately 50% of FSWs in the past 6 months alone in Kampala, Uganda 9. Gender-based power differentials and criminalisation of sex work fuel GBV against FSWs and the concomitant HIV risk,10 often against a backdrop of endemic GBV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negotiation of sex and condom use are common triggers for violence,10 and abuse has been associated with barriers to using condoms, including breakage and failure 4 7 18 19. These patterns have been predominantly studied with clients or paying partners; violence may also influence condom use patterns with non-paying partners, though the evidence to date is mixed 8 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-based violence against female sex workers in Cameroon: prevalence and associations with sexual HIV risk and access to health services and justice

et al. 2016

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Among FSWs in Cameroon, violence is prevalent and undermines HIV prevention and access to healthcare and justice. Violence is highly relevant to FSWs' ability to successfully negotiate condom use and engage in healthcare. In this setting of criminalised sex work, an integrated, multisectoral GBV-HIV strategy that attends to structural risk is needed to enhance safety, HIV prevention and access to care and justice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-based violence against female sex workers in Cameroon: prevalence and associations with sexual HIV risk and access to health services and justice

et al. 2016

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“…These risks include violence perpetrated against sex workers, high HIV prevalence and sustained antenatal exposure to HIV and other STIs, and limited engagement in healthcare services, which may collectively have deleterious effects on pregnancy outcomes. [64][65][66][67][68] Yet, fertility-related evidence has focused predominantly on the incidence of pregnancy among sex workers and their unmet contraceptive needs. [69][70][71] Continued efforts to integrate emergency contraception into sex worker-friendly services, and measurement of the impact of these services on unsafe abortions would help to expand the evidence base.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility-related research needs among women at the margins

Schwartz¹,

Baral

2015

Reproductive Health Matters

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Fertility-related research encompasses fertility intentions, preconception care, research amongst pregnant women, and post-partum outcomes of mothers and children. However, some women remain underrepresented within this domain of study. Women frequently missing within fertility-related research include those who are already the most vulnerable to health disparities, including female sex workers, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender women, women living with HIV, and women who use drugs. Yet characterization of the needs of these women is important, given their unique fertility-related concerns, including risks and barriers to care emanating from social stigmas and discrimination. This synthesis provides an overview of fertility-related evidence, highlighting where there are clear research gaps among marginalized women and the potential implications of these data shortfalls. Overall, research among marginalized women to date has addressed pregnancy prevention and in some cases fertility intentions, but the majority of studies have focused on postconception pregnancy safety and the well-being of the child. However, among female sex workers specifically, data on pregnancy safety and the well-being of the child are largely unavailable. Within each marginalized group, preconception care and effectiveness of conception methods are consistently understudied. Ultimately, the absence of epidemiologic, clinical and programmatic evidence limits the availability and quality of reproductive health services for all women and prevents social action to address these gaps.

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“…Knowledge about condom use in correct way and how to negotiated with sex partner could increase the condom efficacy . (19) It is not easy to solved the condom use problem, related with some factors such as: socioeconomic and romance factor with partner or boyfriends. Female sexual worker who not difficult to negotiate condom use with clients were more likely consistent to use condom.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%