Sexual Transmission of HIV

Royce, Rachel A.; Seña, Arlene C.; Cates, Willard; Cohen, Myron S.

doi:10.1056/nejm199704103361507

Cited by 951 publications

(578 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…[113][114][115][116] Semen contains a plethora of factors, which serve to enhance or inhibit HIV infection. For example, spermatozoa can capture virus through heparan sulfate and transmit it to DCs, thus increasing their infection.…”

Section: Influence Of Semen On Hiv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Common Mucosal Co‐Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract

Ferreira

Kafka

Kaushic

2014

American J Rep Immunol

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Section: Influence Of Semen On Hiv Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Common Mucosal Co‐Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract

Ferreira

Kafka

Kaushic

2014

American J Rep Immunol

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“…T he most common mode of acquiring HIV infection is by sexual transmission across genital epithelial tissue (1). Studies in rhesus macaques exposed intravaginally to simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) suggest that Langerhans cells (LCs), resident dendritic cells (DCs) of stratified squamous epithelia, are the first cells to encounter virus (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

R5 HIV productively infects Langerhans cells, and infection levels are regulated by compoundCCR5polymorphisms

Kawamura

Gulden

Sugaya

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

165

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Langerhans cells (LCs) are suspected to be initial targets for HIV after sexual exposure (by becoming infected or by capturing virus). Here, productive R5 HIV infection of LC ex vivo and LC-mediated transmission of virus to CD4 ؉ T cells were both found to depend on CCR5. By contrast, infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and transfer of infection from monocyte-derived dendritic cells to CD4 ؉ T cells were mediated by CCR5-dependent as well as DCspecific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin-dependent pathways. Furthermore, in 62 healthy individuals, R5 HIV infection levels in LCs ex vivo were associated with CCR5 genotype. Specifically, genotyping for ORF⌬32 revealed that LCs isolated from ORF⌬32͞wt individuals were significantly less susceptible to HIV when compared with LCs isolated from ORFwt͞wt individuals (P ‫؍‬ 0.016). Strikingly, further genetic analyses of the A-2459G CCR5 promoter polymorphism in ORF⌬32͞wt heterozygous individuals revealed that LCs isolated from ؊2459A͞G ϩ ORF⌬32͞wt individuals were markedly less susceptible to HIV than were LCs from ؊2459A͞A ϩ ORF⌬32͞wt individuals (P ‫؍‬ 0.012). Interestingly, these genetic susceptibility data in LCs parallel those of genetic susceptibility studies performed in cohorts of HIV-infected individuals. Thus, we suggest that CCR5-mediated infection of LCs, and not capture of virus by LCs, provides a biologic basis for understanding certain aspects of host genetic susceptibility to initial HIV infection.

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“…In other words, men are active transmitters of HIV but not active agents of prevention (Higgins et al, 2010). Literature also showed that women have upward of twice the probability of infection if they exposed to HIV (Padian et al, 1991;Nicolosi et al, 1994;Royce et al, 1997;Mastro and Kitayaporn, 1998;UNICEF, 2008). Research explicated that biologically, women are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection through vaginal intercourse in that they are exposed to infectious fluids for long periods of time during sexual intercourse than men are (Bolan et al, 1999).…”

Section: Women and Hiv/aids -Susceptibility Vulnerability And Beyondmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Perceived Risk in HIV/AIDS among Women in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Sern

2018

International Journal of Asian Social Science

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Sexual Transmission of HIV

Cited by 951 publications

References 77 publications

Influence of Common Mucosal Co‐Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract

Influence of Common Mucosal Co‐Factors on HIV Infection in the Female Genital Tract

R5 HIV productively infects Langerhans cells, and infection levels are regulated by compoundCCR5polymorphisms

The Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Perceived Risk in HIV/AIDS among Women in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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