Sexual Transmission of Enteric Protozoa and Helminths in a Venereal-Disease-Clinic Population

Phillips, Steven C.; Mildvan, Donna; William, Daniel C.; Gelb, Alvin M.; White, Mary C.

doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53663-0

Cited by 40 publications

(48 citation statements)

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“…and microsporidial infected patients with regard to other different epidemiological factors, although our small sample sizes may not have allowed lis to achieve statistical significance. Thus, opportunistic infections with these two protozoans may be considered as highly comparable, consistently with similar intestinal target and clinical spectrum of both infections (Current, 1991;Weber, 1994 (Phillips, 1981;Soave, 1984;Smith, 1988;Casemore, 1990;Sorvillo, 1994). In our study, the fre quency of microsporidiosis was higher than crypto sporidiosis among sexually transmitted HIV patients, although the difference was not significant.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Factors associated with microsporidial and cryptosporidial diarrhea in HIV infected patients

et al. 1996

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Factors associated with microsporidial and cryptosporidial diarrhea in HIV infected patients

et al. 1996

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“…In large cities of developed countries, amebiasis is commonly found within two closed communities; in homosexual men (1)(2)(3) and in mental hospitals (4). The disease seems to be more common in institutions for the mentally retarded, because they exhibit frequently abnormal hand-to-mouth and object-to-mouth behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amebiasis in Institutions for the Mentally Retarded in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Nagakura

Tachibana

Kaneda

et al. 1990

JJMSB

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SUMMARY:A parasitologic survey of 620 mentally retarded patients, institutionalized in five different facilities in Kanagawa Prefecture, revealed a high incidence (12.6%) of infection with Entamoeba histolytica. A concomitant serologic survey, by the indirect fluorescent antibody test, gave a much higher incidence (26.5%). Moreover, most zymodeme patterns of the amebae isolated from infected individuals were of a pathogenic type (Zymodeme II). Our findings demonstrate that the mentally retarded in Japan, as in the United States, still are plagued by a high rate of amebic infection.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In several developed countries in Asia, studies have shown that E. histolytica infection has become an emerging parasitic infection in MSM, especially those who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In Japan, 80% of the annually reported 500-600 cases occurred in MSM 10 ; and the seroprevalence of MSM was estimated 13.4-20.4% compared with 1.0% in heterosexuals and 0.8% in prostitutes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3,4,6,7 Because E. dispar and E. histolytica share the same transmission route, it is not unexpected that risk of E. histolytica infection will also increase in persons with risky sexual contact with individuals who reside in or travel to areas that …”

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confidence: 99%

Amebiasis among Persons Who Sought Voluntary Counseling and Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case-Control Study

Hung¹,

Wu²,

Chang³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. This case-control study aimed to characterize the factors associated with amebiasis, defined as presence of anti-Entamoeba histolytica antibody titers of ³ _ 128 by indirect hemagglutination assay, among persons seeking voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Between April 2006 and September 2009, 57 of 4,802 persons (1.2%) seeking VCT services were seropositive for E. histolytica infection. Compared with 228 seronegative controls, case subjects were older (odds ratio [OR] for per 1-year increase, 1.098; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.036, 1.165), less likely to hold bachelor degree or higher (OR, 0.359; 95% CI, 0.152, 0.846), and were more likely to be men who have sex with men (MSM) (OR, 8.382; 95% CI, 2.050, 34.266) and have oral-anal sex (OR, 4.016; 95% CI, 1.711, 9.427) in multiple logistic regression analysis. The MSM, fecal-oral contamination, lower educational achievement, and older age were associated with increased risk for amebiasis among persons seeking VCT for HIV infection.* Address correspondence to Chien-Ching Hung, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 ChungShan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100. E-mail: hcc0401@ntu.edu.tw 66 HUNG AND OTHERS previously described.9 After a pilot study to assess the costeffectiveness of detection of E. histoytica in stool specimens in those persons seeking VCT services and HIV care, 21 we have found that E. histolytica in persons who were seronegative for E. histolytica was rarely detectable; among 345 persons who underwent IHA serological assays and specific stool amebic antigen assays, 24 of 36 (66.7%) who were seropositive for E. histolytica had intestinal amebiasis by antigen assays, compared with 2 of 309 (0.2%) who were seronegative (odds ratio [OR], 307; 95% confidence interval [CI], 64.9, 1,451). 21Therefore, those who were seronegative for E. histolytica were not requested to submit stool specimens while counseling for amebiasis was provided.Amebiasis is a reportable disease in Taiwan. Those persons diagnosed with amebiasis will be reported to Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan and treatment with metronidazole 500 mg thrice daily for 7-10 days followed by luminal agents (iodoquinol or paromomycin) to eradicate intestinal carriage. Three consecutive stool specimens were collected 1 week after completion of luminal agents and were subjected to specific amoebic antigen assays. To prevent further transmission of E. histolytica , we encourage the persons with amebiasis to contact their identifiable sexual partners and examinations and treatment of amebiasis will be provided free of charge as well.Case and control. A case of amebiasis was defined as presence of an IHA titer of ³ _ 128. Four control subjects who were seronegative for E. histolytica infection were selected for each case and matched only for date when the case subject sought VCT: two controls before and two controls after the date. Because higher IHA titers may persist for a certain period of time, only t...

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Sexual Transmission of Enteric Protozoa and Helminths in a Venereal-Disease-Clinic Population

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Factors associated with microsporidial and cryptosporidial diarrhea in HIV infected patients

Factors associated with microsporidial and cryptosporidial diarrhea in HIV infected patients

Amebiasis in Institutions for the Mentally Retarded in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan

Amebiasis among Persons Who Sought Voluntary Counseling and Testing for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Case-Control Study

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