Sexual Transmission and the Natural History of Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection

Martin, Jeffrey N.; Ganem, Donald; Osmond, Dennis; Page, Kimberly; Macrae, Don; Kedes, Dean H.

doi:10.1056/nejm199804023381403

Cited by 628 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In these countries, horizontal transmission and mother-to-child transmission are likely to occur (Bourboulia et al, 1998;Luppi et al, 1998;Gessain et al, 1999). In countries with a low incidence of classic or endemic KS, HHV-8 is predominantly found in homosexual men at risk of developing KS Martin et al, 1998;Verbeek et al, 1998), and is a sexually transmitted agent among these individuals (Martin et al, 1998). In Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, HHV-8 might be a relatively newly introduced pathogen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa

Ablashi¹,

Chatlynne²,

Cooper³

et al. 1999

Br J Cancer

148

106

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Seroprevalence of HHV-8 has been studied in Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Trinidad, Jamaica and the USA, in both healthy individuals and those infected with HIV. Seroprevalence was found to be low in these countries in both the healthy and the HIV-infected populations. This correlates with the fact that hardly any AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma has been reported in these countries. In contrast, the African countries of Ghana, Uganda and Zambia showed high seroprevalences in both healthy and HIV-infected populations. This suggests that human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) may be either a recently introduced virus or one that has extremely low infectivity. Nasopharyngeal and oral carcinoma patients from Malaysia, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka who have very high EBV titres show that only 3/82 (3.7%) have antibody to HHV-8, demonstrating that there is little, if any, cross-reactivity between antibodies to these two gamma viruses. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa

Ablashi¹,

Chatlynne²,

Cooper³

et al. 1999

Br J Cancer

148

106

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“…2,3 The presence of LANA antibodies in HIV-positive patients strongly correlates with the risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma. 4 Monoclonal antibodies to LANA have recently been developed for use in formalin-fixed and frozen tissues, and have been shown to be reliable markers of latent HHV-8 infection in Kaposi sarcoma as well as other HHV-8-associated processes, such as primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman disease. 5,6 A small number of studies have shown LANA expression to be specific for Kaposi sarcoma among vascular tumors occurring in the general population.…”

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confidence: 99%

Latency-associated nuclear antigen expression and human herpesvirus-8 polymerase chain reaction in the evaluation of Kaposi sarcoma and other vascular tumors in HIV-positive patients

et al. 2005

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Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is expressed in endothelial and spindle cells of nearly all Kaposi sarcomas, and the presence of this antigen in serum is strongly correlated with the risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma in immunocompromised individuals. Studies of vascular tumors occurring in the general population show LANA expression to be specific for Kaposi sarcoma. No study to date, however, has examined whether non-Kaposi sarcoma vascular tumors arising in immunocompromised patients may express LANA, possibly reflecting origin from an HHV-8-infected endothelial progenitor cell. The objective of this study was to evaluate the specificity of LANA expression for Kaposi sarcoma in immunocompromised patients by LANA immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HHV-8. A total of 13 cases of non-Kaposi sarcoma vascular tumors (12 hemangiomas and one epithelioid hemangioendothelioma) and 24 cases of Kaposi sarcoma, all from known HIV-positive patients, were immunostained for LANA and evaluated for the presence of HHV-8 DNA by real-time PCR. LANA expression was seen in 22 of 24 (92%) of Kaposi sarcoma cases and in 0 of 13 non-Kaposi sarcoma cases. Real-time PCR detected HHV-8 in all of the Kaposi sarcoma cases and in four of the non-Kaposi sarcoma cases (all hemangiomas). LANA expression appears to be a highly sensitive and specific marker of Kaposi sarcoma in both the general population and in HIV-positive patients. This is in contrast to HHV-8 PCR, which is positive in a small subset of non-Kaposi sarcoma vascular tumors, most likely due to detection of HHV-8 within intratumoral blood mononuclear cells by the highly sensitive real-time PCR technique. For this reason, LANA immunohistochemistry is preferable to HHV-8 PCR for the evaluation of problematic vascular proliferations in HIV-positive individuals.

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“…In MSM who are HIV negative and asymptomatic, infection rates have ranged from 16.8 to 22.1% (1,3,13). An epidemiological relationship between male homosexual activities and HHV-8 infection has been demonstrated in studies undertaken in different countries (1)(2)(3)8,9,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 in populations with and without risk for infection in São Paulo State

Souza

Sumita

Freire

et al. 2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a newly described herpesvirus that is etiologically associated with all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Seroepidemiological studies have shown high prevalence rates of HHV-8 antibodies among men who have sex with men (MSM) and AIDS patients, African children, Brazilian Amerindians, and elderly individuals in certain regions of Europe. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies in healthy children and young adults from different cities in São Paulo State, and in a population at high risk for HHV-8 infection: HIV-negative MSM, and AIDS patients with and without KS. Antibodies to HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen and lytic-phase antigens were detected by immunofluorescence assays. In 643 healthy children and young adults from the general population attending a vaccination program for yellow fever in ten different cities in São Paulo State, the prevalence of HHV-8 antibodies detected by the presence of latent or lytic antigens ranged from 1.0 to 4.1% in the different age groups (mean = 2.5%). In the MSM group, the prevalence was 31/95 (32.6%). In the group of patients with AIDS, the prevalence was 39.2% (51/130) for non-KS patients and 98.7% (77/78) for AIDS patients with the diagnosis of KS confirmed by histopathological examination. We conclude that HHV-8 has a restricted circulation among healthy children and young adults in the general population of São Paulo State and a high prevalence among MSM and AIDS patients.

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Sexual Transmission and the Natural History of Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection

Cited by 628 publications

References 27 publications

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa

Seroprevalence of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in countries of Southeast Asia compared to the USA, the Caribbean and Africa

Latency-associated nuclear antigen expression and human herpesvirus-8 polymerase chain reaction in the evaluation of Kaposi sarcoma and other vascular tumors in HIV-positive patients

Prevalence of antibodies to human herpesvirus-8 in populations with and without risk for infection in São Paulo State

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