Sexual Receptivity Signal of Lordosis Posture and Intra-Sexual Competition in Women

Pazhoohi, Farid; Garza, Ray; Kingstone, Alan

doi:10.3390/sexes3010005

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In general, an increase in thoracic kyphosis causes lumbar hyperlordosis to maintain sagittal balance [53]. It can be said that the higher incidence of hyperkyphosis in men may be a clinical sign of the presence of osteoporosis and a potentially modi able risk factor for adverse health consequences [54]. Our study also con rmed a higher incidence of hyperkyphosis in students (30.77%) than in female students (10.00%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Spinal curvature in female and male university students with prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour

Cepková

Zemková

Šooš

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: seated behaviour and a lack of physical activity among university students may cause changes to posture leading to health problems. We were interested whether between-gender differences in spinal curvature exist among university students with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. Methods: a group of 20 female (age 20 ± 0.73 years) and 39 male (age 20 ± 1.08 years) university students with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle participated in the study. The thoracic and lumbar curvature was evaluated while standing and sitting using the Spinal Mouse. Results: showed that 10% of the female students and 30.77% of the male students had thoracic hyperkyphosis, while 10% of the female students and 2.56% of the male students suffered from lumbar hyperlordosis in the standing posture. In the sitting posture, 0% of the females and up to 30.77% of the males had mild thoracic hyperkyphosis, and 25.00% of the females and 23.90% of the males had mild lumbar hyperkyphosis. Conclusions: these findings indicate that differences between the sexes as regards to curvature of the spine exist. Prolonged sitting during university courses could contribute to their poor posture. It is therefore necessary to focus purposefully on compensation exercises that eliminate postural deviations in female and male young adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Spinal curvature in female and male university students with prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour

Cepková

Zemková

Šooš

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…While the above features are under the control of women, other features for which they have far less control have also been extensively studied, including waist to hip ratio (WHR), overall body mass index (BMI), lumbar curvature, and facial shape and size (Cornelissen et al, 2009; Dixson et al, 2010; Pazhoohi et al, 2022; Valenzano et al, 2006). Breast features have also been extensively studied, including breast size, breast ptosis, and areola pigmentation (Dixson et al, 2010; Dixson et al, 2011a; Dixson et al, 2011b; Dixson et al, 2015; Garza et al, 2021; Groyecka et al, 2017; Pazhoohi et al, 2020; Swami & Tovée, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The point of nipple erection 3: Sexual and social expectations of women with nipple erection.

Burch¹,

Widman²

2024

Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences

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If nipple erection signals/is a cue to sexual interest or arousal, we would expect that women with nipple erection would be sexualized: having a presumed higher sexual arousal and promiscuity and lower mental abilities and morality. To examine this, 234 participants rated pictures of women with and without salient nipple erection (faces were obscured to eliminate facial cues). Participants completed a hypothetical sexual behavior profile (30 items including perceptions of morality and intelligence) for each stimulus photo. Both men and women perceived women with nipple erection as less intelligent, less moral, and more likely to engage in sexual behaviors. These are the primary markers of sexual objectification. They also rated these women as having poorer sexual health and being less sexually manipulative. Men perceived all the women in the stimulus photos as being less moral and having more male sexual partners, indicating that men objectified the stimuli overall more than women. Women reported that women with erect nipples had more male sex partners, lost their virginity at a younger age, and had lower quality relationships. In summary, female nipple erection, which is an uncontrollable reflex, triggers sexualization and objectification by both men and women who observe it.

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“…A study by Jankowicz-Szymańska et al [ 52 ] demonstrated that hyperlordosis is characteristic for young female students, while hypolordosis is characteristic for older women. In general, an increase in thoracic kyphosis causes lumbar hyperlordosis to maintain sagittal balance [ 53 ]. It can be said that the higher incidence of hyperkyphosis in men may be a clinical sign of the presence of osteoporosis and a potentially modifiable risk factor for adverse health consequences [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedentary lifestyle of university students is detrimental to the thoracic spine in men and to the lumbar spine in women

Cepková,

Zemková,

Šooš

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Sitting for long periods of time and lack of physical activity in young adults can cause postural deterioration leading to rapid onset of fatigue and increase the risk of back pain. We were interested in whether there are gender differences in spinal curvature among university students with a predominantly sedentary lifestyle. Methods 20 sedentary female (age 20 ± 0.73 years) and 39 sedentary male university students (age 20 ± 1.08 years) participated in this study. Their thoracic and lumbar curvatures were assessed while standing and sitting using a Spinal Mouse. Results In standing, 80.0% of the females and 69.2% of the males had a neutral position of the thoracic spine (33.25° and 35.33°, respectively). However, more males, 30.8%, than females, 10.0%, had hyperkyphosis (54.27° and 47.0°, respectively). Hypokyphosis was found in 10.0% of the females (18.50°) and none in the males. Similarly, 90.0% of the females and 97.4% of the males had neutral position of the lumbar spine (-33.11° and -29.76°, respectively). Increased hyperlordosis was found in 10.0% of the females and 2.6% of the males (-41.0° and -50.0°, respectively). Hypolordosis was not detected in either females or males. In sitting, on the other hand, 70.0% of the females and only 33.3% of the males had a neutral position of the thoracic spine (30.20° and 30.62°, respectively). Increased hyperkyphosis was found in 46.2% of the males (59.76°) and none of the females. 30.0% of the females and 23.1% of the males had light hypokyphosis (47.50° and 46.67°, respectively). Similarly, 70.0% of the females and only 38.5% of the males had a neutral position of the lumbar spine (7.0° and 6.6°, respectively). 35.9% of the males and only 5.0% of the females had a light hypokyphosis (16.14° and 16.0°, respectively). Slightly increased hyperkyphosis was identified in 25.6% of the males and 25.0% of the females (23.9° and 22.5°, respectively). Conclusion There are significant gender differences in spinal curvature. While in the thoracic spine it was to the detriment of the males when both standing and sitting, in the lumbar spine it is related to the females only when standing. It is therefore necessary to eliminate these spinal deviations in young adults induced by prolonged sitting during university courses by appropriate recovery modalities.

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Sexual Receptivity Signal of Lordosis Posture and Intra-Sexual Competition in Women

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Spinal curvature in female and male university students with prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour

Spinal curvature in female and male university students with prolonged bouts of sedentary behaviour

The point of nipple erection 3: Sexual and social expectations of women with nipple erection.

Sedentary lifestyle of university students is detrimental to the thoracic spine in men and to the lumbar spine in women

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