The patient is a 2-year-old Caucasian girl with a right ovarian mass and a 2-day history of vaginal bleeding who was seen in consultation with Dr. A. Ross, pediatric surgeon at this institution. The child's previous medical history was noncontributory . The vaginal bleeding was discovered by a baby-sitter, and the child was seen by both her family pediatrician as well as by a second pediatrician in order to evaluate the cause of bleeding. Neither physician was able to examine the child adequately because of her inability to cooperate, and she was referred here in order to evaluate the source of the bleeding, i.e., trauma, foreign body, abuse, etc.As seen on initial physical examination, she was obese and appeared older than her stated age. The child had bilateral breast buds with slightly enlarged areolae (Tanner stage 111). Fine, light labial hairs and a fresh clot of blood at the vaginal orifice were also noted. The mother stated that the labial hair and the enlarged breast tissue had been apparent for almost 8 months and that there had been progressive enlargement of the breasts with time, always considered by the child's pediatrician to be consistent with her obesity.