Sexual Orientation Bias Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women: Modern Homonegative Attitudes and Their Association With Discriminatory Behavioral Intentions1

Abstract. The main purpose of our study is to compare the beliefs of Spanish and Chilean university students about the effects that same-sex parents might have on their children. A total of 491 participants completed the study (208 Spaniards and 283 Chileans). The results indicate a kind of modern and subtle rejection based on hetero-normativity. Furthermore, the results indicated the effects of sex (men have a greater degree of rejection), traditional and sexist opinions linked to a greater rejection of same-sex parents, and the contact variable which inversely correlates with this rejection. The results show that the etiology of homosexual orientation also correlates with rejection of same-sex parents when it is believed that homosexuality is learned or can be changed.

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“…Thus, our results can be framed within the modern prejudice model (Morrison & Morrison, 2011;Morrison et al, 2009;Whitley & Kite, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Beliefs about Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families: Spanish and Chilean University Students

et al. 2014

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“…Morrison & Morrison, 2002). This established scale consists of 12 items, paralleled to include one measure about attitudes toward gay men (MHS-G) and one measure to assess attitudes toward lesbians (MHS-L).…”

Section: Attitudes Toward Gay Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Portrayals of Gay Men on Homonegativity and the Attribution of Gender-Based Descriptors

Miller

Lewallen

2015

Communication Studies

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The present study examined the effects of a gay male television portrayal on a sample of 107 college-aged participants. Participants were exposed to either a representation of a feminine gay male character, representation of a masculine gay male character, or no gay male character and were subsequently asked questions to determine the stereotypes they associate with gay men and their overall level of homonegativity. Results indicated that political identification was a significant moderator of the relationship between exposure to depictions of a gay character and levels of homonegativity and between exposure and the application of gender-based descriptors to gay men. Findings suggested that the mere presence of a gay male character, whether masculine or feminine, primed homonegative attitudes and opinions about gay male masculinity and femininity.Stereotyping is the process by which individuals develop beliefs about other individuals or groups that may or may not reflect their actual characteristics; these mental shortcuts allow people to make quick judgments about others based on prototypes or quintessential representations of categories (Lippmann, 1992). Television Brandon Miller (MA, Syracuse University) is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication at the University of Missouri. His research investigates mass and user-generated media's effects on LGBTQ stereotypes, identities, and communities. Jennifer Lewallen (MA, Pepperdine University) is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication at the University of Missouri. She examines representations of women and nondominant cultural groups in popular media and the influence of media on perceptions of the self and other. Correspondence to: Brandon Miller,

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“…El lesbianismo conlleva un poder subversivo y desestabilizador del sistema patriarcal que hace que éste reaccione por medio de la discriminación (Zimmerman, 1992). Otra razón que se ha aludido para justificar la importancia de medir de forma separada las actitudes de discriminación hacia personas lesbianas y homosexuales es que tal y como apuntan diversos estudios, los hombres evalúan de forma menos negativa a las lesbianas que a los hombres homosexuales (Aosved y Long, 2006;Morrison y Morrison, 2011;Toro y Varas, 2004), debido a que muchos hombres atribuyen un alto valor erótico a la homosexualidad femenina, y en concreto a observar o a imaginarse actividades sexuales entre dos mujeres (Barra, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Validación de la Escala Moderna de Homofobia en una muestra de adolescentes.

et al. 2013

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Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es doble, por un lado se ha evaluado la fiabilidad y la validez de la versión española de la Escala de Homofobia Moderna en adolescentes; y por otro, se evaluará tanto los niveles de homofobia que los y las adolescentes tienen, así como la relación de la homofobia con el sexismo ambivalente. La Escala de Homofobia Moderna evalúa actitudes tanto hacía hombres gays (MHS-G) como hacía lesbianas (MHS-L). La muestra quedó formada por un total de 800 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, de los cuales un 50.7 % son chicas y un 49.3 % chicos, con una media de edad de 15.19 años (DT: .92). Los resultados muestran una estructura factorial coherente, con índices de ajuste adecuados. La fiabilidad (siempre superior a .80) y la validez externa (con una correlación significativa entre la homofobia con la transfobia y el sexismo). Finalmente, observamos que los chicos expresan significativamente más actitudes de homofobia que sus compañeras. Consideramos por lo tanto, que esta escala es un instrumento útil y preciso para detectar las actitudes homofóbicas sutiles hacia gays y lesbianas. Palabras clave: Homofobia; validación; adolescentes; escala de homofobia moderna; gay; lesbiana.Title: Validation of the Modern Homophobia Scale in a sample of adolescents. Abstract: The objective of this paper is both, to analyse the reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Modern Homophobia Scale, and to assess the homophobia level of adolescents as well as the association between homophobia and ambivalent sexism. The Modern Homophobia Scale assesses the attitudes toward gay men (MHS-G) and lesbians (MHS-L). The sample was made of 800 Spanish students of Secondary Education (50.7% female and 49.3% male) with ages ranging from 15 to 19 years (mean age = 15.19; SD: .92). Results showed a coherent factorial structure with adequate fit indexes. Reliability -alpha over .80-and external validity -the gay and lesbians form were significant correlated with transphobia and sexism. Finally, we observed that the boys expressed significantly more homophobic attitudes toward gay men and toward lesbians than girls does. Therefore, this scale is a useful and necessary to detect subtle homophobic attitudes toward gays and lesbians. Key-words: Homophobia; validation; adolescents; modern homophobia scale; gay; lesbian. IntroducciónEl estudio de las actitudes hacia los homosexuales y las lesbianas está alcanzando en las últimas décadas cierta relevancia dentro del área de las ciencias sociales. Para analizar adecuadamente las actitudes prejuiciosas hacia las personas homosexuales y lesbianas, debemos recurrir a los conocimientos que nos aportan las relaciones interraciales, así como los estudios sobre las actitudes prejuiciosas hacia las mujeres. Las investigaciones interraciales han detectado que los valores de racismo en la última década se han recanalizado hacia nuevas formas más suaves o sutiles de expresión que se han etiquetado como racismo simbólico (Sears y Kinder, 1971), racismo avers...

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Sexual Orientation Bias Toward Gay Men and Lesbian Women: Modern Homonegative Attitudes and Their Association With Discriminatory Behavioral Intentions1

Cited by 78 publications

References 24 publications

Beliefs about Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families: Spanish and Chilean University Students

Beliefs about Children’s Adjustment in Same-Sex Families: Spanish and Chilean University Students

The Effects of Portrayals of Gay Men on Homonegativity and the Attribution of Gender-Based Descriptors

Validación de la Escala Moderna de Homofobia en una muestra de adolescentes.

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