Sexual Health Promotion and the Attention to the Social Determinants of Health in the Caribbean

Rodríguez-Díaz, Carlos E.

doi:10.1007/s13178-013-0132-7

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the Caribbean, the understanding of HIV among MSM is particularly challenged by stigma and discrimination toward HIV and the population most at risk for infection (Figueroa, 2014; Rodríguez-Díaz, 2013; UNAIDS, 2013). Nonetheless, it has been established that MSM in the Caribbean represent a significant share of the HIV infections, and in some countries the incidence rate among this group is increasing (Figueroa, 2014; UNAIDS, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conceptually, sexual health has been defined in different ways and approaches vary from technical to practical perspectives shaped by historic and sociopolitical experiences (Rodríguez-Díaz, 2013). In general, sexual health has been defined as the experience of the ongoing process of physical, psychological, and social-cultural well-being related to sexuality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2006), the Pan American Health Organization and the World Association for Sexual Health (2000), it has been proposed to understand sexual health promotion as the process of enabling people to increase control over and thereby improve their sexual health (Rodríguez-Díaz, 2013). This approach suggests increasing control over the determinants of sexual health—which are the factors that are largely responsible for the differences in the health outcomes in diverse populations (CDC, 2010; Marmot, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Health and Socioeconomic-Related Factors Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico

et al. 2015

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Most of the research among HIV-positive populations has been approached from behavioral risk models. This is particularly true for those otherwise socially vulnerable groups like men who have sex with men (MSM). As a response to this pattern, we examined data from an ongoing health promotion research being conducted in Puerto Rico (PR). The study is limited to HIV-positive MSM and consists of the participation in a survey interview that includes domains used to assess indicators of socio-economic-related factors (age, educational level, employment, religion, and partnership status) and sexual health (sexual satisfaction, condom use, and sexual health knowledge (SHK)). Participants reported a relatively high level(75 %) of sexual satisfaction and inconsistent condom use (50.9 % reported always using a condom). A deficient (61 %) SHK was also reported. In multivariate analyses, a higher educational level was associated with higher sexual satisfaction (aβ = 3.223; 95 % CI 0.291–6.156) and higher levels of SHK (aβ=1.328; 95 % CI 0.358–2.297), while unemployment was associated with less condom use (aOR 0.314; 95 % CI 0.122–0.810). Not having a primary sexual partner was associated with less sexual satisfaction (aβ= −3.871; 95 % CI −7.534–0.208) and more condom use (aOR 4.292; 95 % CI 1.310–14.068). Findings support the notion that men of a disadvantaged socioeconomic position may have a poorer sexual health status; with a lower level of education and unemployment leading this disparity. Findings also evidence that partnership status may have a role in the sexual health of HIV-positive MSM. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of sexual health and socio-economic indicators among Hispanic/Latino HIV-positive MSM in PR and in the Caribbean. Findings provide valuable information to address the sexual health needs of an underserved population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual Health and Socioeconomic-Related Factors Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico

et al. 2015

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“…Sexual health promotion has been defined as the “process of enabling people to increase control over and thereby improve their sexual health” [1]. Sexual health is an integral component of the right to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health and it cannot be guaranteed without sexual rights for all [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Sexplorando”: Sexual Practices and Condom Use among an Internet-Based Sample of Men and Women in Puerto Rico

Rodríguez-Díaz¹,

Collazo²,

Dodge³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Sexual Medicine

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Introduction Despite the wealth of literature addressing sexual practices and condom use among men and women, very little data are available among Hispanic/Latino populations and in the Caribbean Region. This study adds to the existing literature on sexual practices and condom use in Puerto Rico (PR) and provides comparisons based on sex given the need for more current information on the sexual characteristics and condom use rates among understudied populations. Aim The aim of this study was to assess the rates of sexual practices and condom use among adults, aged 21–49, in PR. Methods We report the prevalence of lifetime and recent (past 3 months) sexual practices by sex, as event-level condom use rates, and condom familiarity and accessibility in an online-based sample of adult men and women in PR. Main Outcome Measures The main variables assessed include sociodemographic characteristics, solo and partnered sexual practices, and condom use frequencies, as well as familiarity and accessibility to male and female condoms. Results Overall, 93% of the sample reported having been sexually active (engaged in oral, vaginal, and/or anal sex) in their lifetime and 78% reported sexual practices in the past 3 months. As in other studies Hispanic/Latino populations, reported rates of anal intercourse (AI) among both men and women were relatively high. Overall, a greater proportion of men reported condom use during all sexual practices (41% vaginal intercourse (VI); 65% receptive AI; 46% insertive AI) than women (22% VI; 18% AI). Conclusions These findings provide current sexual practice and condom use frequency rates that can aid in the understanding of the particular sexual health needs of Hispanic/Latino populations as well as of other groups in the Caribbean. It also serves for the development of future studies and sexual health promotion programs, including comprehensive sexual health care.

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“…In the Americas, GBMSM are one of the most affected populations by HIV/AIDS (Beyrer et al, 2012). In the Caribbean, HIV is mostly transmitted via sexual contact, and GBMSM are at an increased risk due to their social contexts (e.g., religion, machismo , familismo , among others; Rodriguez-Díaz, 2013). In Puerto Rico, a commonwealth of the United States geographically located in the Caribbean, the estimated HIV prevalence in the general adult non-institutionalized population is nearly 1.1% (Pérez et al, 2010) and 7.3% among GBMSM (Colón-López, Soto-Salgado, Rodríguez-Díaz, Suárez & Pérez, 2013); this is 13 times higher than among men who report only having sex with women as their risk factor for HIV infection (Colón-López et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual health knowledge and stigma in a community sample of HIV-positive gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Puerto Rico

Ortiz-Sánchez

Rodríguez-Díaz

Jovet‐Toledo

et al. 2016

Journal of HIV/AIDS & Social Services

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Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are at increased risk for HIV infection and disease progression. Also, HIV-positive GBMSM are among those less likely to be retained in care. In this study we analyzed sexual health knowledge (SHK) and various manifestations of stigma in a community sample of HIV-positive GBMSM in Puerto Rico. The sample reports overall low SHK scores, and lower score were associated with low educational attainment, unemployment, low income, and with self-identifying heterosexual participants. Almost half of the sample reported moderate to severe perceived gay stigma, 68.4% reported moderate to severe hidden-gay stigma, and 30.6% reported moderate to severe HIV-felt stigma. Further research is recommended to obtain culturally congruent information and develop interventions addressing the multiple layers of stigma in the social context where the interventions will be delivered.

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Sexual Health Promotion and the Attention to the Social Determinants of Health in the Caribbean

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

Sexual Health and Socioeconomic-Related Factors Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico

Sexual Health and Socioeconomic-Related Factors Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico

“Sexplorando”: Sexual Practices and Condom Use among an Internet-Based Sample of Men and Women in Puerto Rico

Sexual health knowledge and stigma in a community sample of HIV-positive gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Puerto Rico

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