Sexual expression, genetics, and testosterone in Tourette Syndrome

James, William H.

doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320600624

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…We hypothesized that since this complex has been shown to activate dopaminergic pathways and enhance decision-making as a result of PFCcingulate gyrus regulation, that it may reduce paraphilias rapidly. It is not uncommon for patients with Tourette's to display obsessive-compulsive tendencies including sexual obsessions (James, 1995;Mack et al, 2010). Furthermore, Comings (1994) reported that individuals with Tourette's show deviant sexual behaviors (paraphilias) in some cases including magnitude of sex drive, sex orientation, exhibitionism, transvestitism, transsexualism, sadism, masochism, pedophilia, fetishism, aversion to being touched, and aversion to sex.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesizing repetitive paraphilia behavior of a medication refractive Tourette's syndrome patient having rapid clinical attenuation with KB220Z-nutrigenomic amino-acid therapy (NAAT)

McLaughlin

Oscar‐Berman²,

Simpatico³

et al. 2013

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

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Background and aims:Many patients presenting multiple behaviors including drug and food abuse as well as other pathological repetitive unwanted activities such as gambling, self-mutilation and paraphilias may not be appropriately diagnosed. Here we present a case of a male presenting many of these seemingly diverse behaviors and finally diagnosed with reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) by his attending physician. Methods: The use of the dopamine agonist, ropinirole after two weeks showed improvement in terms of sexual behavior but tolerance set in and was discontinued especially when an infraction occurred with the patient's insurance. In this article, we carefully explore the potential of ropinirole to downregulate dopamine receptors causing adenylate cyclase receptor supersensitivity and tolerance a feature of neurotransmitter cross-talk. Based on previous scientific evidence showing KB220Z-nutrigenomic amino-acid therapy (NAAT) to rapidly (post one-hour) activate dopaminergic pathways in both the pre-frontal cortex cingulate gyrus (relapse loci) and ventral tegmental area-caudate-accumbens-putamen (craving and emotion loci) the patient was prescribed NAAT. Results and discussion: Within one week of utilization the repetitive paraphilia was eliminated. There were also a number of other positive effects such as enhanced focus that persisted even after the patient stopped using KB220Z suggesting neuroplasticity (e.g. altruistic thoughts). However, these observed profound benefits require more in-depth study, especially in a large cohort against a placebo. While this report focused on a rapid response rather than long-term benefits previously associated with NAAT, it is somewhat encouraging and longer term required follow-up and larger placebo controlled studies are warranted before any definitive conclusions could be gleaned from this case report.

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Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%