Sexual Dysfunction Across Cultures

Bhugra, Dinesh; Silva, Padmal de

doi:10.3109/09540269309028314

Cited by 44 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, this rose to 58% when patients were questioned directly by doctors (MontejoGonzález et al, 1997). The second factor is that the expectation people have of their sexual performance and their willingness to discuss problems vary between cultures (Bhugra & De Silva, 1993). In the third place, many terms used to define sexual dysfunction are subjective and partly dependent on ideas of what is 'normal'.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Sexual Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual side-effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs

Baldwin¹,

Mayers

2003

Adv. psychiatr. treat

151

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Adequate sexual expression is essential to many human relationships and provides a sense of physical, psychological and social well-being. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that depression and schizophrenia are associated with impairment of sexual function and satisfaction, even in untreated patients. Most antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs have adverse sexual effects but it is difficult accurately to identify the incidence of treatment-emergent dysfunction, as disturbances can be reliably detected only from systematic enquiries made at baseline and during treatment. Growing awareness of the adverse effects of psychotropic drugs has led to attempts to use adjuvants or substitute treatments to resolve sexual dysfunction. More studies of the effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs on sexual function are needed. AbstractThe normal sexual response is conventionally divided into the four phases listed below, and disorders can occur at one or more of these phases.(1) Desire: typically this consists of fantasies about, and the desire to have, sexual activity. (2) Excitement: a subjective sense of sexual pleasure and accompanying physiological changes, namely penile tumescence and erection in men and pelvic vasocongestion, swelling of the external genitalia, vaginal lubrication and expansion in women. (3) Orgasm: this is when sexual pleasure peaks, with release of sexual tension and rhythmic contraction of the perineal muscles and reproductive organs. In men, the sensation of ejaculatory inevitability is followed by ejaculation of semen. In women, contractions of the outer third of the vaginal wall occur. (4) Resolution: a sense of muscular relaxation and general well-being. Men are physiologically refractory to erection and orgasm for a variable period after orgasm, whereas women may respond to further stimulation.The ICD-10 (World Health Organization, 1992) uses the term 'sexual dysfunction' to cover the ways in which an individual is unable to participate in a sexual relationship as he or she would wish. This classification has 10 subdivisions (F52.0-F52.9), each describing different forms of dysfunction. The DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) uses a similar scheme. Whenever possible, doctors should specify which form of sexual dysfunction is present, as these have differing causes and require different treatment approaches.Some types of dysfunction occur in both men and women, although women tend to present with complaints about the subjective quality of sexual experience (e.g. lack of desire), whereas men often describe the failure of a specific response (such as erection) but a continuing sexual desire. Epidemiology of sexual dysfunctionThis area has not been studied extensively. Nathan (1986) evaluated 22 studies of sexual behaviour in the general population but concluded that methodological problems in the surveys meant that only broad estimates could be made. The prevalence of inhibited sexual desire was 16% for men, 35% for women; for erectile dysfunction and premature ejacul...

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Section: Epidemiology Of Sexual Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual side-effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs

Baldwin¹,

Mayers

2003

Adv. psychiatr. treat

151

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“…Symptoms of depression such as guilt, shame and loss of libido have been shown to vary across cultures (for an overview see Bhugra, 1996). Murphy et al (1967) reported that psychiatrists in 30 countries found varying prevalence of depressive symptoms such as identified fatigue, loss of appetite, loss of sexual interest, weight loss and self-accusatory ideas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Depression in migrants and ethnic minorities

Bhugra¹,

Ayonrinde²

2004

Adv. psychiatr. treat

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Migration and its associated processes can produce considerable stress on those who are migrating as well as on those around them. Depression should be a common sequel of the process, but is not consistently found to be so. This paper reviews the literature and suggests that various vulnerability factors, including culture shock and changed cultural identity, can play a role in the genesis of depression. Clinicians must be aware of patterns of migration and resilience factors in order to plan any intervention strategies. Stresses due to political and economic factors will have differing influences on the mental state of individuals. One possible contribution may be a discrepancy between aspiration and achievement, which can result in poor self-esteem, leading to depression.

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“…However, there were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of any type of sexual dysfunction between the patients treated with medication (62%) or psychotherapy alone (63%). 29,30,31 In bipolar disorders, Dopamine dysregulation is responsible for mood cycling. The dopamine hypothesis states that the increase in dopamine level results in secondary homeostatic downregulation by increase in the dopamine mediated G protein-coupled receptors.…”

Section: Psychotic Disorder Group Mood Disorder Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

To Compare the Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions Among Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

C¹,

Bharathi²,

K³

2016

jemds

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BACKGROUNDSexual dysfunction is the common symptoms in psychiatric illness like mood and psychotic disorders, which may be related to the psychopathology which can complicate the treatment if ignored by the clinicians. Most of the earlier studies were done based on the effects of psychotropic medications on sexual functions. However, it is not clear to what extent the psychiatric disorders itself are responsible for the sexual impairment.Aim is to compare the prevalence of sexual dysfunction among the patients presenting with psychotic and mood disorders before starting psychotropic medications. MATERIALS AND METHODSOut of total 60 numbers of patients, each of the 30 members belonged to mood and psychotic disorders groups, aged between 18 to 45 years of either sex were included. Sexual dysfunctions are assessed by using SHF (Sexual History Form). Chi-square test has been used to compare the prevalence in both groups and p-value of < 0.05 is considered significant statistically. RESULTSThe overall prevalence of sexual dysfunctions were found to be more in mood disorder (63.3%) group than psychotic disorder group (50%), but does not find any significance statistically. Severity of illness associated with sexual dysfunction is found to be more in mood disorder groups than psychotic disorder group with statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONSexual dysfunctions are found to be common in both psychotic and mood disorders, suggesting it is intrinsic to the development of illness before starting psychotropic medications. Sexual dysfunctions which affects in more than one domain of sexual functions are usually associated with the psychotic symptoms in both groups. This suggests that they are mediated by the same underlying neurobiological factors. KEYWORDS BACKGROUNDSexual dysfunction is one of the most important psychological disorders in psychiatric clinic and in general population. Despite increasing demand for clinical services and potential impact of these disorders on interpersonal relationship and quality of life, epidemiological data are relatively scant. 1,2 If the physician fails to recognise of having SD that are usually associated with psychiatric disorders or vice-versa, it complicates the treatment and worsens the prognosis of one another. Based on the few available community studies it appears that SD are highly prevalent in both sexes, ranging from 10%-52% in men and 25%-63% in women. 3,4,5 Adequate sexual expression is one of the most important components in maintaining a satisfying intimate relationship, which also provides a sense of physical, psychological and

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Sexual Dysfunction Across Cultures

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

Sexual side-effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs

Sexual side-effects of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs

Depression in migrants and ethnic minorities

To Compare the Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions Among Mood and Psychotic Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study

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