Sexual Dimorphism of Human Hyoid Bone

Estimation of Sex from Hyoid Bone: A Preliminary Study with Medico-Legal Implications

“…And Priya and Ranzeetha, (2015) results revealed that the male hyoids are larger than female hyoids in all 15 studied parameters and with statistically significant difference. The present results stated that right and left maximum width of the proximal end of the greater cornua & right and left angle of lesser cornua showed non-significant differences between males and females which are in agree with Mukhopadhyay (2010) results which concluded that there is no significant difference between lengths of the left and right cornu and Vohra and Kulkarni, (2017) results which revealed that all parameters was highly significant different except the width of body of hyoid which was comparatively less significant. The present results are in contrast with Kindschuh et al (2010) andD'Anastasio et al (2014) results which revealed that width and height of the greater cornua has statistically significance differences.…”

“…In a study on Canadian white population, discriminant functions were revealed that the overall accuracy rates were between 72.1% and 92.3% with correct sex determination for white males ranged between 88.2% and 96.3%, while correct sex determination for white females ranged between 31.3% and 92.0 (Logar et al, 2016). A recent Indian study concluded that by multivariate discriminant linear functional analysis, 94% male and 85% female hyoids could be identified correctly and the total percentage of male and female hyoids is found to be 92% (Vohra and Kulkarni, 2017). The present results are in contrast with some researches on hyoid bone which reported accuracy as little as 79% for correctly classified specimens (Reesink et al, 1999).…”

Growth and sexual dimorphism of the hyoid bone and its relationship to the mandible from birth to 19 years: A three‐dimensional computed tomography study

“…Hyoid bone morphometry is one of the tools that anatomists and anthropologists use to identify sex (Okasi et al, 2018; Vohra & Kulkarni, 2017). Sexual dimorphism in size and shape have been reported (Fakhry et al, 2013; Urbanova et al, 2013), with a number of studies confirming that the dimensions of the male hyoid bone are larger in males than females, but such findings are based on postpubertal hyoid bone measurements (Okasi et al, 2018; Sameera & Rao, 2019; Urbanova et al, 2013).…”

“…Deviations in the placement of the hyoid bone relative to other functionally related structures can have ramifications on one or more of the aerodigestive and vocal tract functions (Harun, Zainul et al, 2007; Kanetaka, Shimizu, Kano, & Kikuchi, 2011; Vieira et al, 2014). However, quantitative knowledge regarding the growth of the hyoid bone (Okasi, Sadeghian, Behnoush, & Shakori Rad, 2018; Vohra & Kulkarni, 2017) and knowledge of its growth in relation to functionally related structures, such as the mandible and larynx, is limited (Feng et al, 2014; Mitani & Sato, 1992).…”

“…Though hyoid bone fusion is typically absent prior to age 20, it does not occur in everyone during older adulthood, for unknown reasons (Fisher et al, 2016; Ichijo et al, 2016). While the sex‐specific timing of hyoid bone fusion and hyoid bone density has been explored across the lifespan (e.g., Fisher et al, 2016), knowledge on the three‐dimensional (3D) growth of the hyoid body and its greater cornua, particularly during early childhood, is scant (Harun et al, 2007; Sameera & Rao, 2019; Sheng et al, 2009; Vohra & Kulkarni, 2017). Also, although the hyoid bone responds to surgical intervention of mandibular deformities by adapting to the mandible's new placement (Kamano, Terajima, Kitahara, & Takahashi, 2017), given its functional relationship to the mandible as mediated by their attachments to the tongue, knowledge on how the position of the hyoid bone relative to the mandible changes across typical development is limited (Ichijo et al, 2016; Mitani & Sato, 1992; Okasi et al, 2018).…”