Sexual dimorphism of cusp dimensions in human maxillary molars

Kondo, Shintaro; Townsend, Grant; Yamada, Hiroyuki

doi:10.1002/ajpa.20084

Cited by 69 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, both men and women had greater measurements with respect to the total cusp area, area of occlusal table, and occlusal table ratio in the first molars than in the second molars. These results correspond with the results of previous studies, which showed that the faster the cusp develops, the greater the cusp becomes, i.e., late-developing teeth more frequently have reduced overall size than early-developing teeth because the former have more spatial restrictions [3,5,8,10,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…There may be two explanations for no significant sex difference in the size of the hypoconulid of the mandibular second molars. First, the latest-calcifying hypoconulid has the greatest variability and the hypoconulid appears less frequently in mandibular second molars because of greater spatial restrictions than mandibular first molars [8,10]. Secondly, it might be assumed that the periods of completion of mandibular first and second molar cusp formation (mandibular first molar: 2.5~3 years of age, mandibular second molar: 7~8 years of age) are much before adolescence, during which there is production and secretion of sex hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, maxillary second molars have greater variations in crown size as well as sex differences than maxillary first molars. Kondo et al also reported that the later the calcification occurs, the greater the size variation in cusps in dental casts obtained from Japanese patients [10]. In addition, protocone, the earliestdeveloping cusp of maxillary molars exhibited lesser sex difference in cusp size [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Variations in the Cusps of Mandibular Molars in Koreans

Yoo

Kim

2014

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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: This study aimed to investigate the cusp size and morphological characteristics of permanent mandibular molars in Koreans with reference to the hypoconulid, and to analyze the differences and correlations between both sexes as well as between first and second mandibular molars. We obtained data from dental casts of 110 adults (78 males and 32 females). Mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of first and second mandibular molars, the area of five cusps (protoconid, metaconid, hypoconid, entoconid, and hypoconulid), as well as the total cusp area and occlusal table area were measured. Paired t-test was performed to analyze the morphological differences between first and second mandibular molars and the sex differences between both sexes using SPSS program. Crown diameters and cusp areas of mandibular first molars were larger than those of mandibular second molars in both sexes. The hypoconulid was the most variable in size and morphological pattern among the five cusps, and the first molars showed a higher incidence of hypoconulid than the second molars. Except for the entoconid area of the first molar (p= =0.06) and the hypoconulid area of the second molar (p= =0.24), all other mean values were larger in males than in females, demonstrating a significant sexual dimorphism. These data suggest that the teeth which develop late in ontogeny tend to be smaller in size and more variable in morphological characteristics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Variations in the Cusps of Mandibular Molars in Koreans

Yoo

Kim

2014

Korean J Phys Anthropol

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“…The presence of sexual dimorphism in the size of the temporary and permanent teeth is a fact welldocumented in humans and primates (Garn et al, 1967;Garn et al, 1977;Scott & Turner, 1997;Kondo et al, 1998;Kondo et al, 2005;TeschlerNicola, 1992;Wood et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies indicate that the mandibule canine is the tooth that presents greater dimorphism, followed by the first and second maxillary molars (Acharya & Mainali, 2007;Kondo et al, 1998;Kondo et al, 2005;Ling & Wong, 2006). In our work, the significant differences were found mainly in bucolingual diameters, but theyincluded various teeth of all dental groups, the largest being found in teeth 4.4 and 4.7, these results are similar to those reported by Ruiz in a Chilean population similar to this study, which reinforces the arguments (Alt et al, 1998) that changes in dental dimensions are influenced by ethnic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism in Mesiodistal and Bucolingual Tooth Dimensions in Chilean People

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY:The study investigates the presence of sexual dimorphism in the size of the permanent teeth among Chilean individuals. Mesiodistal and bucolingual diameters were measured in the teeth of 150 patients between 18 and 24 years old, 67 males and 83 females (excluded were third molars and pieces with large cavities and fillings). The largest were found in males; the differences in mean bucolingual diameters with p<0.05 were observed in pieces 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.6, 1.7, 2.6, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, and 4.5; and with p <0.01, the relevant pieces were to 4.4 and 4.7. With regard to mesiodistal dimensions, the only significant difference p <0.05 was found in piece 1.2. These results show that sexual dimorphism can be found in all group teeth.

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Size relationships among permanent mandibular molars in Aboriginal Australians and Papua New Guinea Highlanders

2005

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Size relationships among crown units of permanent mandibular molars were investigated in two Sahul-Pacific samples: Aboriginal Australians (Yuendumu) and Papua New Guinea Highlanders (Wabag). Measurements of first, second, and third molars (M1, M2, and M3), including overall mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters as well as the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the trigonid and talonid, were obtained from dental casts using a sliding caliper. Molar reduction was noted in talonid dimensions within both samples, but the trigonid mesiodistal diameter was not reduced in M2 or M3 compared with M1, indicating that the later-developing crown unit (talonid) was more reduced than the early-developing unit (trigonid). M2 was most reduced in size mesiodistally of the three molars, but its buccolingual diameter was not reduced. M3 was the most reduced tooth in trigonid buccolingual diameter. The percentage sexual dimorphism values were greater for the size of the talonid than for the trigonid, indicating that male values exceeded those for females by a greater amount in the later-developing crown unit. Crown dimensions were larger generally in the Aboriginal Australians from Yuendumu than in the Papua New Guinea Highlanders from Wabag, with differences being more evident in M2 and M3 than M1, especially in talonid dimensions. The trigonid, which develops early both phylogenetically and ontogenetically, tended to be relatively stable in size, whereas the later-forming talonid displayed size reduction when comparisons were made both within and between groups.

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Sexual dimorphism of cusp dimensions in human maxillary molars

Cited by 69 publications

References 29 publications

Variations in the Cusps of Mandibular Molars in Koreans

Variations in the Cusps of Mandibular Molars in Koreans

Sexual Dimorphism in Mesiodistal and Bucolingual Tooth Dimensions in Chilean People

Size relationships among permanent mandibular molars in Aboriginal Australians and Papua New Guinea Highlanders

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