Sexual dimorphism in the neonatal gonad

Hughes, Ieuan A.; Coleman, Nick; Ahmed, SF; Ng, Ka Lun; Cheng, Anna Wai-Fun; Lim, Hyunseob; Hawkins, J. Ross

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14347.x

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The detection of 3βHSD positive cells in fetal ovary at 18.5 dpc indicates that differentiation of steroidogenic cells initiates during prenatal life. Our result is consistent with previous reports concerning the detection of 3βHSD transcripts (Lee and Taketo, 1994) and steroid secretion (Hughes et al, 1999) from embryonic ovaries. Expression of Cx43 in embryonic precursors of theca cells may be related to its steroidogenic activity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Connexin43 is expressed in mouse fetal ovary

Pérez-Armendáriz

Sáez²,

Bravo-Moreno

et al. 2003

Anat. Rec.

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Developmental studies have shown that connexin43 (Cx43) is expressed in the ovary from the first day of life and throughout the rest of postnatal development. In both mouse embryonic ovaries and testes, target-directed deletion of Cx43 gene induces a significant decrease in germinal cells, but the exact mechanism determining this reduction remains unknown. Moreover, recently we found that Cx43 is abundantly expressed in mouse testes from the earliest stages of its fetal development. In the present work we investigate whether Cx43 transcript and protein are expressed in mouse embryonic ovaries. Total RNA was analyzed with specific Cx43 oligonucleotides in RT-PCR studies. A Cx43 PCR product was detected in ovaries at 16.5 and 18.5 days postcoitum (dpc). Bands of 43-45 kDa, characteristic of Cx43, were detected in immunoblots of total homogenates of ovaries at 14.5 and 18.5 dpc. Cell type-specific expression of Cx43 was investigated using double-labeled sections incubated with specific antibodies against Cx43 and the enzyme 3␤-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3␤HSD) or a germ cell nuclear antigen (GCNA1), which are cell markers of steroidogenic and germinal cells, respectively. At 18.5 dpc, Cx43 was found in conglomerates of 3␤HSD-positive cells. Cx43 was also localized at homocellular junctions between parenchyma pregranulosa cells, and at heterocellular junctions between pregranulosa and germinal cells. At these two latter localizations, Cx43 was traced back to 12.5 dpc.In conclusion, this study demonstrates for the first time that from the earliest stages of embryonic ovary development, Cx43 is expressed in principal cell types involved in control of female fertility. These data suggest that the gap junctions formed with Cx43 between somatic and germinal cells may be necessary for prenatal expansion of germinal cells at initial stages of fetal gonadal development. Anat Rec Part A 271A: 360 -367, 2003.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Connexin43 is expressed in mouse fetal ovary

Pérez-Armendáriz

Sáez²,

Bravo-Moreno

et al. 2003

Anat. Rec.

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“…As the cords are forming, foetal Leydig cells start to differentiate and localize to the interstitial spaces between the sex cords. The differentiated Sertoli cells and Leydig cells, together with other cell types, hormones, such as Mullerian inhibitory substance (MIS), testosterone and insulin-like 3 protein, promote masculinisation of the foetal testis and establish the essential testis structure (Hughes et al 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary cilia in the developing pig testis

Dores

Rodriguez-Sosa

et al. 2014

Cell Tissue Res

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In vertebrates, a variety of cell types generate a primary cilium. Cilia are implicated in determination and differentiation of a wide variety of organs and during embryonic development. However, there is little information on the presence or function of primary cilia in the mammalian testis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize expression of primary cilia in the developing pig testis. Testicular tissue from pigs at 2 to 10 weeks of age was analyzed for primary cilia by immunocytochemistry. Expression of primary cilia was also analyzed in testicular tissue formed de novo from a single cell suspension ectopically grafted into a mouse host. Functionality of primary cilia was monitored based on cilia elongation after exposure to lithium. Analysis showed that the primary cilium is present in testis cords as well as in the interstitium of the developing pig testis. Germ cells did not express primary cilia. However, we identified Sertoli cells as one of the somatic cell types that produce a primary cilium within the developing testis. Primary cilium expression was reduced from the second to the third week of pig testis development in situ and during de novo morphogenesis of testis tissue from a single cell suspension after xenotransplantation. In vitro, primary cilia were elongated in response to lithium treatment. These results indicate that primary cilia on Sertoli cells may function during testicular development. De novo morphogenesis of testis tissue from single cell suspensions may provide an accessible platform to study and manipulate expression and function of primary cilia.

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“…Mammals' gonadal cells, which during early embryogenesis are bipotential, differentiate upon mutually antagonistic Sox9 / Fgf9 and Wnt4 signaling into well‐established testis or ovaries at birth [Hughes et al, 1999; Kim et al, 2006]. Sex determination consists of three main steps: chromosome sex, gonadal sex, and phenotypic sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal lung fibrosis associated with immunodeficiency and gonadal dysgenesis in 46XX sisters—A new syndrome

Somech

Somers

Chitayat

et al. 2007

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Inherited immune deficiencies are a heterogeneous group of diseases that can be either isolated, with the immune defect being the exclusive manifestation, or associated with other abnormalities. We report on two sisters, born to consanguineous parents of Sri-Lankan descent, who presented in infancy with immunodeficiency, gonadal dysgenesis, and fatal lung fibrosis. Immune studies demonstrated combined humoral and cellular abnormalities including reduced immunoglobulin production, an absence of lymphoid tissue, markedly reduced T-lymphocyte numbers and function and reduced newly thymus-derived T-cells. Both infants succumbed to rapidly progressive lung fibrosis. Autopsy showed dysgenetic gonads bearing no discernible oocytes. In both, karyotypes were normal female (46,XX). Comparative genome hybridization and analysis of genes known to be associated with severe immune defects in infancy or gonadal dysgenesis showed no abnormality. The distinct findings in these two sisters have not been reported before and thus suggest a hitherto unknown autosomal recessive condition that includes immune dysfunction, gonadal dysgenesis, and pulmonary fibrosis.

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Sexual dimorphism in the neonatal gonad

Cited by 22 publications

References 51 publications

Connexin43 is expressed in mouse fetal ovary

Connexin43 is expressed in mouse fetal ovary

Primary cilia in the developing pig testis

Fatal lung fibrosis associated with immunodeficiency and gonadal dysgenesis in 46XX sisters—A new syndrome

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