Sexual Dimorphism in the Early Life Programming of Serum Leptin Levels in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Labayen, Idoia; Ruiz, Jonatan R.; Huybrechts, Inge; Ortega, Francisco B.; Rodrı́guez, Gerardo; DeHenauw, Stefaan; Breidenassel, Christina; Jiménez-Pavón, David; Vyncke, K.E.; Censi, Laura; Molnár, Denés; Widhalm, Kurt; Kafatos, Anthony; Plada, María; Díaz, L. E.; Marcos, Ascensión; Moreno, Luís A.; Gottrand, Frédéric

doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1036

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Birth weight was negatively associated with serum leptin concentrations only in female adolescents, providing additional evidence for a sex-specific programming effect of birth weight on the energy homeostasis control (10). We also showed that physical activity attenuates the negative effect of low birth weight on leptin concentrations in female adolescents (11).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Literature on lifestyle factors and diseases in European adolescents is scarce (6). Therefore, the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) 10 study aimed to investigate different lifestyle factors and health outcomes among European adolescents. The aim of this review is to summarize the main findings of the HELENA study related to the nutritional programming of adolescent nutritional diseases, dietary intake, physical activity, and vitamin status in European adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutrition and Lifestyle in European Adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Moreno

Gottrand

Huybrechts

et al. 2014

Advances in Nutrition

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169

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Adolescence is a critical period, because major physical and psychologic changes occur during a very short period of time. Changes in dietary habits may induce different types of nutritional disorders and are likely to track into adulthood. The aim of this review is to describe the key findings related to nutritional status in European adolescents participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. We performed a cross-sectional study in 3528 (1845 females) adolescents aged 12.5–17.5 y. Birth weight was negatively associated with abdominal fat mass in adolescents and serum leptin concentrations (in female adolescents), providing additional evidence for a programming effect of birth weight on energy homeostasis control. Breakfast consumption was associated with lower body fat content and healthier cardiovascular profile. Adolescents eat half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and less than two-thirds of the recommended amount of milk and milk products but consume more meat and meat products, fats, and sweets than recommended. For beverage consumption, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweetened milk, low-fat milk, and fruit juice provided the highest amount of energy. Although the intakes of saturated fatty acids (FAs) and salt were high, the intake of polyunsaturated FAs was low. Adolescents spent, on average, 9 h/d of their waking time (66–71% and 70–73% of the registered time in boys and girls, respectively) in sedentary activities. Factors associated with adolescents’ sedentary behavior included the following: 1) age; 2) media availability in the bedroom; 3) sleeping time; 4) breakfast consumption; and 5) season. Sedentary time was also associated with cardiovascular risk factors and bone mineral content. In European adolescents, deficient concentrations were identified for plasma folate (15%), vitamin D (15%), pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (5%), β-carotene (25%), and vitamin E (5%). Scientists and public health authorities should raise awareness of the importance of a healthy and sustainable lifestyle as a foundation of the health of the European population, now and in the future.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and Lifestyle in European Adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Moreno

Gottrand

Huybrechts

et al. 2014

Advances in Nutrition

Self Cite

169

119

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“…For adolescent girls, our finding of an increased BMI throughout the total distribution may reveal a sex-specific obesogenic effect at the population level, and earlier studies have shown sex-related differences in weight gain due to both biological, behavioral and traumatic experiences [13, 33–35]. Due to the limitations of the cross-sectional design and the lack of other body measurements and biological tests, we were not able to explore changes in important risk factors that could explain the shift in OWOB and BMI scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Sex-related change in BMI of 15- to 16-year-old Norwegian girls in cross-sectional studies in 2002 and 2017

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe prevalence of overweight and obesity (OWOB) has stabilized in some countries, but a portion of children with high body mass index (BMI) may have become heavier. This study aimed to describe the distributions of BMI and the point prevalence of OWOB in Norwegian adolescents in 2002 and 2017.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 15- to 16-year-old adolescents in Oppland, Norway, was undertaken in 2002 and 2017. We calculated their BMI, BMI z-scores (BMIz), and the prevalence of OWOB.ResultsThe mean BMI increased from 20.7 to 21.4 (p < 0.001) for girls but remained unchanged at 21.5 vs 21.4 (p = 0.80) for boys. The prevalence of OWOB increased from 9 to 14% among girls (difference 5, 95% CI: 2, 8) and from 17 to 20% among boys (difference 3, 95% CI: − 1, 6%). The BMI density plots revealed similar shapes at both time points for both sexes, but the distribution for girls shifted to the right from 2002 to 2017.ConclusionContrary to previous knowledge, we found that the increase in OWOB presented a uniform shift in the entire BMI distribution for 15–16-year-old Norwegian girls and was not due to a larger shift in a specific subpopulation in the upper percentiles.

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“…Herein, we found leptin levels to be elevated in female offspring at 5–6 months of age in the highest mixture dose (Mix-37.5%). Interestingly, this sexually dimorphic response to intrauterine exposure to xenobiotics is also seen in humans, where serum leptin levels were negatively associated with birth weight in adolescent girls, but not boys 18 . Conversely, in utero exposure to either butylparaben or di-isobutylphthalate lowers leptin and insulin levels in the rat 19 , albeit the latter was measured in the fetal compartment and thus not directly comparable to postnatal measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Effects on metabolic parameters in young rats born with low birth weight after exposure to a mixture of pesticides

Svingen

Ramhøj

Mandrup

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Pesticide exposure during fetal life can lead to low birth weight and is commonly observed in reproductive toxicology studies. Associations have also been found in low birth weight babies born from pesticide-exposed gardeners. Since low birth weight is also linked to metabolic disorders, it can be speculated that early life exposure to pesticides could increase the risk of becoming obese or developing diabetes later in life. We have analyzed potential long-term effects of gestational and lactational exposure to a low dose mixture of six pesticides that individually can cause low birth weight: Cyromazine, MCPB, Pirimicarb, Quinoclamine, Thiram, and Ziram. Exposed male offspring, who were smaller than controls, displayed some degree of catch-up growth. Insulin and glucagon regulation was not significantly affected, and analyses of liver and pancreas did not reveal obvious histopathological effects. Efforts towards identifying potential biomarkers of metabolic disease-risk did not result in any strong candidates, albeit leptin levels were altered in exposed animals. In fat tissues, the key genes Lep, Nmb and Nmbr were altered in high dosed offspring, and were differentially expressed between sexes. Our results suggest that early-life exposure to pesticides may contribute to the development of metabolic disorders later in life.

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Sexual Dimorphism in the Early Life Programming of Serum Leptin Levels in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Nutrition and Lifestyle in European Adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Nutrition and Lifestyle in European Adolescents: The HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) Study

Sex-related change in BMI of 15- to 16-year-old Norwegian girls in cross-sectional studies in 2002 and 2017

Effects on metabolic parameters in young rats born with low birth weight after exposure to a mixture of pesticides

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